Indonesian Food free essay sample

Selmat Pagi kelas my name is Rebecca. Today I will be talking to you about Indonesian foods and what they like to eat. Suka makan apa? Which means what do you like to eat? Indonesians eat relatively simple but delicious meals. Indonesian food is essentially peasant cuisine – fresh, simple ingredients, combined with a blend of spices, resulting in a delicious, inexpensive meal. Eating only becomes a grand affair in Indonesia when communal feats are held to celebrate family occasions, such as weddings, funerals and circumcisions, or harvest and religious feasts. An Indonesian meal usually consists of a main rice (nasi) dish. Rice is the staple food in Indonesia. It is eaten 3 times a day. Many Indonesians do not feel they have eaten if they do not have rice for their meals. The rice is eaten with a combination of meat, fish, chicken, vegetable and egg side dishes. Some examples are Nasi goreng and nasi putih which is fried and boiled rice. We will write a custom essay sample on Indonesian Food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many range of flavourings used in Indonesian cooking. Aromatic coriander and cumin, together with chillies, lemon grass, coconut, kecap manis (sweet soy sauce) and palm sugar are all important flavourings. They are used a lot in Indonesian foods for taste. Indonesian food is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour and varied textures. With 6,000 islands, there is a huge range of regional specialties, but wherever you are in Indonesia, most meals, including breakfast, are based around rice. Traditionally, food is eaten using the fingers of the right hand (the left is considered unclean), hence the soft stickiness of their rice. However, in areas familiar with Westerners, cutlery will be provided – usually a spoon and a fork – but otherwise youll just have to do as the natives do. Some of Indonesian’s most famous dishes are Sate, nasi goreng and gado gado (vegetables with spicy peanut sauce). In conclusion I think that Indonesian food is delicious and the best food I ever eaten. When I went to Thailand we ate mostly the same food which was amazing. Thankyou for listening to my speech. hello

USA vs Irac essays

USA vs Irac essays Should the US attack Iraq some say yes and others say no, in this essay I will look at both sides. The first side of this argument I will look at is why America should attack Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein is back with avengeance, and his threats of world destruction aren't to be taken lightly. The United States tried unsuccessfully to target him during the Gulf War in February 1991, however, they confidently expected the Iraq leader to be gone within months. Now, seven years later Saddam has shown a remarkable ability to survive and to rebuild his military to almost its peak potential and the US are threatening to lead air strikes over weapons inspections. Iraq is able to produce chemical and biological weapons within weeks, a long-range missile within a year and a nuclear weapon in five years. It would also be enough time to make up 350 litres of Anthrax a week, enough for two missile warheads, or enough to kill hundreds of thousands of people. The United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) has verified and destroyed 817 missiles, 30 warheads, 75 launchers and launch pads, 38, 537 munitions and 690 tonnes of chemical-weapons agents. Dr Germ has produced 10 billion killer doses of toxins... However, they believe that a further 2 missiles, 45 warheads, 31 658 munitions and 130 tonnes of chemical-weapons agents still exist. Dr Rihab Taha, aged 42 is at the centre of the growing Iraq crisis, and is the person who persuaded Saddam to launch his controversial germ warfare program back in the 1980's. In an extraordinary decade, the woman known as "Dr Germ" has led the production of 10 billion killer doses of toxins, including botalinum, a vicious food poisoning bug that provokes a swollen tongue, frothing at the mouth and dizziness before a victims rapid death. UNSCOM has also established that Iraq has produced 8400 litres of Anthrax - which dissolves the kidneys, liver and lungs lea ...

Pursuasive letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pursuasive letter - Essay Example Undoubtedly, my teachers do a great deal of job in providing us, the students, appropriate grades that we deserve based on a given criteria. Everyone is aware that the list of criteria includes, but is not limited to, class attendance and test results. I do not deny the fact that my responsibilities at work have kept me from attending class a few times. Not only have I been able to miss the lectures, but I sometimes miss quizzes as well. On the other hand, not being physically present in class means I am intellectually incapable of doing what other students in class are capable of performing and understanding. Moreover, I also take extra credits in class in order to make up for those times I have missed class. Although I have been passionate about learning and understanding the things that are being taught in class, my test results do not show so. However, these test results are just fragments of what I have learned about the subject. Real knowledge is represented best by an individual’s ability to put the theories and its understanding into application in real life. In class, I have never been to any heated argument with my teachers or classmates. To my knowledge, I work diligently as I try to make sure to perform all the duties I am expected to do at work. In my opinion, a student who puts into practice what he has learned in class deserves to be given an A better than a student who comes in class every day, takes a test, gets a good grade, yet do nothing but picks on his classmates and looks down on just anybody. Furthermore, I think getting an A would just be enough of a motivation to shoot up my scholastic

Alden, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alden, Inc - Case Study Example Presenting a receiving report to the supplies is important I an organization to acknowledge receipt of the materials to avoid challenges with supply. The control procedures for the above problems include passing a policy for the removal of materials from the store room only under written authorization and recording of the amount and value of the materials retrieved. Keeping a perpetual inventory system is the other procedure to solve the problems at Alden. This will allow tracking o material usage at Alden for the company to be able to forecast sales and making demand forecasts to avoid losses from shortages and reduce theft. Sending receipt reports to the supplies and checking on quantity and quality needs to ensure the supplies meet the specification of the company. An Integrated Enterprise Resource Planning system can be used to solve the above weaknesses through the development of bill of materials by the ERP system when supplies are made, developing a perpetual inventory system in the ERP system through entering inventory levels, addition, and withdrawals from the store to get the inventory at a given time (Hamilton, 2003). This will allow the ERP system to make forecasts on the usage of the materials and ensure the ERP system requiring the consent of authorized staff to make withdrawals from the store. The ERP system can also be used to make vouchering, matching, and payment of the supplies. An ERP system will also track order processing in terms of order entry, credit checking, inventory, shipping analysis, pricing among different supplies to get the best bargain, supplier scheduling and warehousing (Hamilton,

Nternational Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nternational Business Environment - Essay Example Many economists directed their concern towards creating measures that would normalise the situation. This paper is analyses the response of UK government to the economic recession. 1. United Kingdom hosts some of the largest financial institutions in the world. Their role in the world economy is very crucial because many investors across the world have invested their treasures in these banks. The recent economic recession shook the foundation of UK economy with many institutions retrogressing because of the effects of the financial spill. North England and Scotland felt the effects of the recession that was evident through closure of businesses, loss of jobs, increase in commodity prices, government inability to offer crucial services to the nation, and social life became very hard (Boffey, 2012:1). The government could not control the inflation levels because of the debts that it registered through the economic meltdown. The economic meltdown has created tension in the political sph ere because many politicians do not know how to contain citizens who have shown their displeasure with the current trends they observe in the market. Political platform becomes greasy when politicians fail to address issues that affect the common person. Many economic critics believe that the UK government has powers, which can institute normalcy in the market (Gibb, and Leishman, 2011:23). David Cameroon lamented the action taken by the western nations in responding to the biting effects of the financial collapse. Many critics directed their concern to the anticipated events that would yield from the status of events. In deed, the crisis is a real mess to life of a common person. The increase in cases of unemployment is a bigger threat that the government of Scotland feel that it should unemployment index. Sharp decline registered in the financial market indicates that the economy is unable to create new opportunity in the job market. The labour market largely depends on the level of economic growth in creating new opportunities for job seekers (Smit, 2010:12). Many people have lamented that they have to work for long hours in order to meet the needs that they were able to meet with normal working hours before the recession. The concern is genuine because pound has lost value. A person has to cough more coins for a product that was affordable before the inflation. Another notable thing in Scotland is that the nation has registered a decline in investor interests. 2. Economists fear that reverberation of the economic crisis can trigger more problems to United Kingdom when it fails to handle it effectively. Speech delivered by Cameroon pointed acquisition to lack of commitment among the western countries in dealing with the crisis. However, some critics believe that UK government should demonstrate that it could exercise authority by restoring the financial spill (Wan, 2004:146). Ideally, it is wise for United King to handle the situation using the optimum deve lopment of national economies theory put forward by Michael Porter and Adam Smith. Theory argues that a country can promote economic growth if it specialises in creating products that it commands total cost advantage over other competing nations and engage in importation of products that it is unable to produces (Larti, 2010:6). The notion propagated by the theory is that a country should be able to identify areas where it can perform best and use them to its advantage instead of engaging in

Housing need and demand

Housing need and demand Q.2 In assessing current and future housing requirements how would you distinguish between the concepts of housing need and housing demand? Housing need and demand are planning issues for many countries around the world, it’s important that â€Å"adequate shelter is available and accessible to meet the needs of an ever-increasing population in many urban settlements† (David, 2002:31). The operation of the UK housing market has seen problems over recent years and is the focus of much discussion (Jones and Watkins, 2009:11). UK policies aim to address three major issues of housing shortages, housing quality and housing affordability. Housing markets can be complex, â€Å"housing markets should supply the right kind of units and the right time in the right places† (Downs, 2004:73). Failure to achieve this raises several implications that have been felt in UK. Even though housing shortage is arguably a symbol of success, growth and competiveness all vital to creating a successful economy (Tallon, 2010:216), it has obvious problems. This essay aims to explore more closely the difference between housing ne ed and demand as well as the factors they depend on for current and future housing requirements. By identifying the issues that housing need and demand depend upon, the essay will explain the effect this has particularly in the UK and some possible trends for the future. Finally the essay will critically explain several approaches to estimating housing requirements that take into account some of the issues raised. Housing need and housing demand can often be confused yet they have different meanings. Every household has a housing need irrespective of income or type of housing. Housing need is described as â€Å"the quantity of housing required to accommodation of the agreed minimum standard and above for a population given its size and household composition without taking into account the household `s ability to pay for the housing assigned to it† (Robinson, 1979:56-57). This is not be confused with housing demand which is defined as the relationship between â€Å"the price of housing and the quantity and quality of housing for which people are able and willing to pay† (Shucksmith, 2002:61). An individual or household has an unmet housing need when they fail to exercise effective demand for decent housing (Oxley, 2009:6). By satisfying housing need it enables the empowerment of people to be able to live in satisfactory housing despite their possible inability to afford it (Tighe and Mueller 2013:87). Most housing problems are essentially †problems of a lack of effective demand for decent housing† (Oxley, 2000:2), It is therefore vital that the correct housing is built to meet the needs of the population; this will increase the demand for housing and play a significant role in improving the economy. Housing need depends on various factors that will differ from country to country particularly in developing countries (Struyk, 1998:21). Firstly the population in the UK is growing; this creates greater numbers of households requiring more housing. â€Å"Household numbers for England are expected to grow by an average annual rate of 220,000 over the decade to 2021† (Wilcox and Perry, 2013:8) shown in Appendix A, as a result more housing must be built in order to accommodate this need. 122,590 new homes were started in 2013 which is a 23% increase from 2012 shown in appendix B (DCLG, 2014:4). Household numbers are rising due to population growth putting pressure on housing, infrastructure, schools and hospitals (Madden et al. 2010:3). Households are also changing, people are living longer meaning housing must cater for elderly people, building more retirement housing could consequently free up family homes for young people thus solving some housing need issues (Best and Porteus , 2012:3). Longer life expectancy means Households are staying together for longer, it’s now suggested that 60% of over 60`s own their home outright (DCLG, 2013:18). Households have different housing needs, not everyone demands a one bedroom house for example the most common household between 2011-12 was couples with no dependent children accounting for 35% of the population (DCLG, 2013:18). Household patterns are constantly changing over time, its vital therefore that the correct housing is supplied to meet current and future needs, the number of one-person households is expected to grow in the UK by 60% by 2025-30 and as a result this must be addressed (OECD, 2011:29). The standard of living is increasing in the UK; this means that people now expect more from their homes. Some countries have now â€Å"shifted from increasing the number of units to increasing the quality of units† (Noguchi and Poterba, 1994:224), certain amenities such as double glazing windows used to be a luxury now it is almost expected in most properties. â€Å"Quality and affordability are key for housing in a western society† (Pacione, 2009:215), the minimum standard of housing is rising meaning there is a requirement for ‘decent, safe and secure housing both with new builds and renovations` (GLA, 2013),†Poor housing impacts directly on residents’ health and educational attainment† emphasising the need for quality housing (Wilson, 2010:76). This not only an issue of new homes but also of existing housing both with social housing and in the private rented sector, many existing social houses were built decades ago and therefore their condit ion may be lacking in standard. Vale (2013:114) explains another pressure on housing standards, the increasing pressure to build environmentally friendly and efficient housing. One of the main elements to assessing housing needs is to examine existing stock as â€Å"existing stock usually accounts for the majority of dwelling stocks† (Xue, 2013:65), of which in wales 83% is in the private sector (welsh Government, 2008:26). Current stock must be reviewed when considering calculating housing requirements for the present and future; this is explained later in the essay. This finally leads onto the type housing needed; â€Å"the biggest problem is that as a country we are simply not building enough affordable homes† (Shelter, 2013) and therefore the public needs are not met, the type of houses build should also reflect the population’s household structure. Housing demand is affected by several separate issues to housing need, understanding these issues is important for current and future demand to be met. Firstly and most importantly the supply of housing is not addressing the UK’s demand, â€Å"there are not enough affordable houses in the economy† (HCTC, 2013:75). The Government sets targets for the number of houses which need to be built yet these are rarely met and the demand keeps increasing, â€Å"almost half of Londons largest developments are not meeting the affordable housing targets being set by local authorities† (BBC, 2013). Despite its importance, â€Å"housing is yet to have the same political profile as health and education† (Wilson, 2010:76). One of the main issues with regards to housing demand not being met is that private developers will not build housing they won’t be able to sell and therefore another reason for more affordable housing (Empty Homes, 2014). Housing supply must be c alculated for development, for example taking deaths and existing stock into consideration. House prices also affect housing demand, there are not enough houses being supplied at the right price to meet the demand therefore the price of housing rises as people who have money will pay to have a nice house resulting in â€Å"increasing numbers of people being priced out of the market† (Stephens, 2011:6). â€Å"Falling house prices due to the recession have not solved the problem of affordability as they have been accompanied by tighter lending criteria† (Wilson, 2010) especially with deposits, as a result the help to buy scheme was introduced. Housing demand depends on several other factors such as income and wealth, these terms are very different to an economist; wealth represents the accumulation of economic resources valuable to a household where income is a flow measure of capital over a period of time (Pozdena, 1988:25). Wealth and income can give access to credit loans and mortgages, â€Å"credit access and mortgage availability go a long way to promoting higher quality and affordable housing† (Nothaft and Erbas, 2002:12). Due to the credit crisis many people’s income and wealth have been affected, this has had an effect on the housing market and people’s ability to demand housing. Secondly the availability of credit and obtaining mortgages is something that has resulted in households being unable to afford housing. Lenders look at current income and financial assets because they represent measurable indicators of a borrower’s means of repaying the loan (Pozdena, 1988:26). The supply of mo ney in the economy will affect mortgage interest rates and availability. â€Å"People are getting second jobs when interest rates rise to cope with higher mortgage repayments† (Telegraph, 2013), as a result this has led to many people not being able to afford the housing supplied. There are many factors contributing to housing need and demand however â€Å"different needs may warrant different solutions† (Bramley et al, 2010:17), not everyone needs to be provided with social accommodation perhaps the issue can be solved by enhancing or adapting an existing property. As a result there are several different models that can be used to assess housing requirements. The first approach to be discussed is the household and dwelling balance sheet, this is a simple way to reveal housing shortages or surpluses (DoE, 1980:56), it simply compares the number of households to the number of dwellings. This method may show a shortage or surplus however doesn’t take into account many other factors such as home ownership, the location, nature of dwellings or condition of housing. As a result the balance sheet can prove inaccurate and â€Å"tend to double count or overestimate requirements† (Monk and Whitehead, 2010:60). The second approach is the net-stock a pproach which is characterised by Holmans (1995)(Whitehead and kleinman, 1992), it consists of measuring different types of need and forecasting household growth, estimating housing need for the present and future. The model â€Å"exemplifies the important link between household growth, need and housing investment† (Kleinman et al, 1998:78). Third is the affordability approach, the aim of this is to identify the relationship between house prices and household income to determine housing requirements (WMRA, 2014), it is calculated by taking the percentage of households unable to purchase plus household formation minus social sector relets which equals the additional housing requirements. The model however â€Å"does not purport to measure needs relating to house condition or unsuitability within the social sector† (Bramley 2010:38). The final method is the gross flows approach. Used to create current housing need, this is calculated by taking â€Å"Gross household formation by category, and adding the tenure propensity of each category to arrive at the demand for social housing from new households† (Pinto, 1995:75). This was used by the Greater London Authority for the London housing capacity study (Livingstone, 2005), it provided an ambitious growth plan where a regional housing growth target was set for 45 7,959 houses to be provided from 1997-2016 (Manzi, 2010:107).The concept is effective as it uses actual behaviour such as age and cohort effects rather than affordability norm (Boelhouwer et al., 2005:103). Quantity, quality and affordability are at the heart of housing need and demand issues in the UK and must be addressed in order to meet current and future housing requirements. This essay has defined the difference between housing demand and housing need and provided insight into the factors in which they depend on. Changes in the population and households are guaranteed to change in the future and therefore must be taken into consideration. Housing demand is mainly affected by the price of housing and the factors surrounding it such as supply and income, addressing these factors has led to not only solving current needs and demands but also the importance of planning for the future. This has been shown through the explanation of several different models displaying ways of estimating future and present housing requirements such as the net-stock approach or affordability approach. In conclusion for current housing needs and demands to be met larger amounts of housing must be provided at a price that is affordable and of a good quality, by setting and reaching targets this will hopefully meet the needs and demands of the present and the future. Appendices Appendix A (Wilcox and Perry, 2013:8) Appendix B (DCLG, 2014:4) Bibliography BBC (2013) [ONLINE] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-24449898 (Assessed 7/3/2014). Best, R, Porteus, J. (2012) â€Å"Housing our Ageing Population: Plan for Implementation†, All part parliamentary group on housing and care for older people. Boelhouwer, P, Doling, J, Elsinga, M. (2005) â€Å"Home Ownership: Getting In, Getting From, Getting Out, Part 1†, Delft University Press. Bramley, G, Pawson, H, White, M, Watkins, D. (2010) â€Å"Estimating housing need†, Department of communities and local government. David, P, A. (2002) â€Å"Report of colloquium on contribution of the co-operative sector to housing development†, UN-HABITAT. DCLG (Department of communities and Local Government). (2013) â€Å"English Housing Survey households 2011-12†, DCLG. DCLG (Department of communities and Local Government). (2014) â€Å"House Building: December Quarter 2013, England†, DCLG. DoE (Department of Environment). (1980) â€Å"Housing requirements: a guide to information and techniques†, University of Bristol School for Advanced Urban Studies. Downs, A. (2004) â€Å"Growth Management and Affordable Housing: Do They Conflict?†, The Brookings Institution . Empty Homes (2014). [ONLINE] â€Å" http://www.emptyhomes.com/what-you-can-do-2/get-involved/what-to-do-with-your-empty-home/ (Assessed – 07/03/2014). GLA (Greater London Authority). (2010) [ONLINE] http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/housing-land/improving-quality (Assessed 6/3/2014.) HCTC (House of Commons Treasury Committee). (2013) â€Å"Budget 2013: Ninth Report of Session 2012-13†, House of Commons. Holmans, A. (1995) â€Å"Housing demand and need in England 1991-2011†, Joseph Rowntree foundation. Jones, C, Watkins, C. (2009) â€Å"Housing markets and planning policy†, Wiley-Blackwell. Kleinman, M, Matznetter, W, Stephens, M. (1998) â€Å"European Integration and Housing Policy†, Routledge. Livingstone, K. (2005) â€Å"2004 London Housing Capacity study†, Greater London Authority. Madden, P, Goodman, J, Green, J, Jenkinson, C. (2010) â€Å"Growing Pains: Population and Sustainability in the UK†, Forum for the Future. Manzi, T, Lucas, K, Jones, T, Allen, J. (2010) â€Å"Social Sustainability in Urban Areas: Communities, Connectivity and the Urban Fabric†, Earthscan. Monk, S, Whitehead, C. (2010) â€Å"Making Housing more Affordable: The role of intermediate tenures†, Wiley-Blackwell. Noguchi, Y, Poterba, J, M. (1994) â€Å"Housing Markets in the United States and Japan†, The University of Chicago Press. Nothaft F, E, Erbas, S, N. (2002) â€Å"The Role of Affordable Mortgages in Improving Living Standards and stimulating growth†, IMF Working paper. OECD (organisation for economic co-operation and development). (2011) â€Å"Doing Better for Families†, OECD Publishing. Oxley, M. (2000) â€Å"The Future of Social Housing: Learning from Europe†, IPPR. Oxley, M. (2009) â€Å"Financing Affordable Social Housing in Europe†, UN-HABITAT. Pacione, M. (2009) â€Å"Urban Geography: A Global Perspective†, Routledge. Pinto, R. (1995) â€Å"Developments in Housing Management and Ownership†, Manchester university press. Pozdena, R, J. (1988) â€Å"The Modern Economics of Housing: A Guide to Theory and Policy for Finance and Real Estate professionals†, Greenwood Press. Robinson, R. (1997) â€Å"Housing economics and public policy†, Macmillan. Shucksmith, M. (2002) â€Å"House building in Britains Countryside†, Routledge. Shelter (2013) [ONLINE] http://england.shelter.org.uk/campaigns/why_we_campaign/Improving_social_housing/Why_we_need_more_social_housing (Assessed 6/3/2014). Stephens, M. (2011) â€Å"Tackling housing market volatility in the UK†, Joseph Roundtree Foundation Struyk, R, J. (1988) â€Å"Assessing Housing Needs and Policy Alternatives in Developing Countries†, The Urban Institute Press. Tallon, A. (2010) â€Å"Urban Regeneration in the UK†, Routledge. Telegraph (2013) [ONLINE] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/interest-rates/10529164/Millions-of-homeowners-may-need-second-job-if-interest-rates-rise-BoE-warns.html (Assessed 7/3/2014). Tighe, R, J, Mueller, E, J. (2013) â€Å"The Affordable Housing Reader†, Routledge. Vale, J, L. (2013) â€Å"Purging the Poorest: Public Housing and the Design Politics of Twice-Cleared communities†, Routledge. Welsh Government (2008) â€Å"Affordable Housing in Wales: Report to Deputy Minister for Housing and Regeneration†(â€Å"Essex Report†), Cardiff, WG. WMRA (West Midlands Regional Assembly)(2014) [ONLINE] http://www.wmra.gov.uk/documents/Chapter%204.pdf (Assessed 11/3/2014). Whitehead, C, Kleinman, M. (1992) â€Å"A Review of Housing Needs Assessment†, The Housing Corporation. Wilcox, S, Perry, J. (2013) â€Å"UK Housing Review Briefing Paper†, Chartered Institute of Housing†, The University of Chicago Press. Wilson, W. (2010) â€Å"Key issues for the new parliament 2010: Housing supply and demand†, The House of Commons. Xue, J. (2013) â€Å"Economic Growth and Sustainable Housing: An Uneasy Relationship†, Routledge.

Personal Writing: Fickle Fisherman :: essays research papers

Personal Writing: Fickle Fisherman It was an early Saturday morning, about 6:00am. I was Awake and dressed ready to fish! I had been preparing for the fishing derby for about 1 month and was ready to win. I got to the lake at about 6:30 and started to fish. As the day progressed more and more people showed up. Before noon there was no place to sit around the lake and people couldn't fish. Lines were being crossed and people were getting kind of mad. Beside me was an old, hardened looking man who i just ignored.Then finially i had a bite! I looked at the line and instantly jerked back the rod and reeled as hard as i could. I fought the fish for 5 or 10 min and netted it up. Not a bad catch, it was only a catfish but it was fair sized.But the guy beside me didn't seem to think so he looked at it and gave a little laugh and kept on fishing. I really didn't know what to think, was he laughing at something i didn't see or was there something wrong with my fish? I just disregarded it and continued fishing. Then as i was getting bored and drowsey I heard a yelp and the old man shot up. He had a bite! As he was fighting it he started talking and telling me how to catch a REAL fish not the guppy in my bucket. As he talked and talked the fish got closer and closer and he netted it up and took a look. The fish was about half the size of mine but it was a carp not a catfish. I gave a little laugh and continued and he tried to explain...."well you see boy, a carp is a hell of alot harder to hook than a catfish. Carp don't just eat everything they see, they're very selective. So if I were you I wouldn't laugh to hard just yet". I wasn't to sure if the information was legit but i really doubted it so I just went on with my fishing. It was getting close to weigh-on time so i had to get a better fish. Then the out of all the things that could happen, the old guy gets a fish on his line, and it was a big one! He fought the monster and got it to shore and as he was netting it he fell in the lake. Not in the deep part, only waist deep but I

Acute Care: Care Implementation and Evaluation.

Acute Care: Care Implementation and Evaluation. This assignment will be based around the care that is implemented and evaluated, within a National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust (FT). The focus of the assignment will be to discuss two health problems that a selected patient has and has been admitted to the FT with. The selected patient had been admitted into FT with breathing difficulties and also suffering from dehydration. The assignment will focus upon the goals that are set for the patient whilst in FT and the reasons why the goals are set. The patho-physiology of the two problems will also be discussed and also the care that had been implemented to achieve the goals. Throughout the assignment, the patient will be known as Terry with the permission from the patients parents, according to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) confidentiality guidelines. The assignment will also aim to discuss the role of the Health Care Professional (HCP) in planning appropriate care for the patient, in particular, using the assessment technique of goal setting by using Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T) target planning technique (Roper et al, 1996). The reasons for planning care can involve the HCP assisting in preventing potential health problems, for example, breathing difficulties for the patient becoming worse and to also assist in solving problems where possible. Care planning can also assist in alleviating possible health problems that cannot be solved by HCP’ s and so will need the assistance of Multi Disciplinary Team (MDT) , for example, consultant, physiotherapists to further improve an develop the care plan. Terry is a 42 year old single man, who lives with his parents, and has suffered from a number of illnesses throughout his life, for example, optical glyoma, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), epilepsy, and also learning difficulties. Terry has difficulty with breathing, and this appears to have been caused by respiratory rhythmicity centre in the medulla and the pons (areas of the brain which can control breathing) and these appeared to not be working in the correct way (MacKenzie, 1996; Waugh et al 2006). Terry’s reduced neurological status was due to trauma that had been suffered in the motor pathways, and the peripheral nerves, in the brain (Iggulden, 2006). Terry was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), within the NHS FT, suffering from numerous problems that were mainly neurological. Terry's admission to ICU was due to the increased breathing difficulties that he was experiencing. Due to the breathing difficulties, the nursing team, and Terry's consultant, agreed that it would be best for Terry to have a percutaneous tracheostomy inserted. Due to Terry suffering from a probable cerebellar lesion, severe learning difficulties and poor communication skills; it did appear that Terry could not understand what the nursing team were informing him of, the medication that he needed and the care that was being delivered (NMC, 2008). Due to the fact that Terry appeared not to be able to understand or communicate with the nursing team, and that his parents and family members were with him, the nursing team, and myself, ensured that the parents, and family members, were informed of what was happening regarding the care that had given to Terry. The fact that Terry could not understand the instructions given to him, due to learning difficulties, consent to insert a percutaneous tracheostomy had to be given from Terry’s parents, to the Consultant (NMC, 2008). The tracheostomy that had been inserted into Terry helped the nursing team in the ICU and on the ward, to oxygenate Terry to the optimum level of 98%. The tracheostomy, also ensured that Terry was able to maintain a breathing rate of between 35 and 50 breathes per minute (Bailey, 2008). Although Terry was able to maintain a respiration rate, the normal respiration rate for an adult is normally between 14 and 18 breathes per minute (Bailey, 2008). The nursing care that had been implemented included ensuring that oxygen was flowing through the tracheostomy and this ensured that Terry had enough oxygen in his body for his heart and lungs to function, and that the heart pumped the oxygenated blood around the body (Machin et al 1996; Roper et al, 1996; Bailey et al 2008). Due to Terry’s respiration centre not working properly, and suffering from breathing problems, this meant that gaseous exchange was impaired, and led to a risk of respiratory acidosis. Gaseous exchange is where the oxygen goes into the alveoli capillaries, and the carbon dioxide is moved out of these capillaries (Bailey, 2008). The respiration centre is made up of a group of nerve cells, which are in the reticular endothelial system of the medulla oblongata. These cells send impulses to the motor neurones, via the spinal cord, and are then sent to the intercostal muscles (Bailey, 2008). The trauma that Terry had suffered with, was a possible cerebella lesion when he was a child. When Terry was admitted, his oxygen level was 82% (Bailey, 2008). The goal for this problem was to keep Terry's respiration and oxygenation at a level that was suitable. A suitable level of respiration for an adult is between 14 and 18 breaths per minute, and an oxygen level of around 97 to 98% (Bailey, 2008). The patho-physiology of breathing difficulties includes a lack of oxygen to the tissues of the body, including the brain, and even death (MacKenzie, 1996; Waugh et al 2006). Due to Terry haiving an oxygen saturation level of 82%, we set the goal that we would aim for and set this goal with his parents. The goal that the nurses had set with Terry's parents, due to the fact that Terry had learning difficulties and could not set the goal with the nurses. The goal was set as the nurses aimed to have his oxygen saturation level between 95% and 98% within two hours. The goal had to fit in with the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T) target planning technique (Roper et al, 1996; Faulkner, 2000). Terry's sitting and lying position had to be carefully planned around him, this ensured that we as a nursing team where able to ensure that his lungs would expand to their optimum and to maintain a satisfactory oxygen saturation levels within his body (Roper et al 1996; Machin et al 1996; Hackman, 2008). The normal oxygen saturation level is between 95% and 98% (Woodrow, 1999). The fact that Terry had an oxygen saturation level of just 82%, the Consultant had to prescribe oxygen for Terry. The oxygen that had been prescribed for Terry, had been increased from 24% to 40% (NMC, 2002). The consultant advised us to ensure that the oxygen was to be humidified. Due to Terry having the tracheostomy, we were able to deliver the oxygen with the use of a tracheostomy mask and what is called a T-piece circuit (Machin et al 1996; Dolan, 2008; Soady, 2008). The consultant also advised the nursing team to ensure that neurological observation's were undertaken, especially the oxygen saturation levels, every 15 minutes until Terry's oxygen saturation levels had risen to 96% (Machin et al 1996; Dolan, 2008; Soady, 2008) The neurological observations with regards to the goal, meant that the nurses were able to deliver oxygen, which would enable the oxygen saturation level to be maintained (Machin et al 1996; Dolan, 2008; Soady, 2008). Once the nursing team had ensured that the oxygen had been delivered to Terry at 40% and was humidified, they then ensured that 15 minute observations were maintained. The Consultant had to ensure that the 40% oxygen that he had verbally prescribed, was documented and written clearly in Terry's medical notes and on his prescription sheet (NMC, 2002; NMC, 2004). The fact that Terry had been prescribed the higher rate of oxygen, this needed to be clearly documented within Terry’s nursing notes (NMC, 2004). The documentation was needed, so that the other nurses were aware of the change. Although the observations had been maintained every 15 minutes, with regards to Terry's oxygen saturation levels, this ensured that the nursing team maintained Terry's neurological observation's (Machin et al 1996; Dolan, 2008; Soady, 2008). The goal that had been set by the nursing team and Terry's parent's, for his oxygenation levels did fit into the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T) target planning technique. The goal was specific, measurable and realistic for Terry and the nursing team caring for him, as well as being achievable in the time frame that had been set by Terry's Consultant (Faulkner, 2000). Due to the fact that the nursing team had achieved this goal for Terry, proved that the nursing care and interventions made by the nursing team, were effective. The nursing care and interventions were effective enough, for this goal to have been met (Roper et al 1996). The goal that had been set for Terry with regards to his oxygen saturation level, had to be documented. The goal had to be documented within the nursing notes, which the nursing team had to document clearly. The nursing team were able to hand over the information about Terry, to the nursing staff that would have been caring for him on the next shift. (NMC, 2004) The second of Terry's problem's is that he was at risk of dehydration, this was due to the fact that Terry could not swallow as he had a reduced neurological status. The fact that Terry could not swallow was due to the motor area of cerebral cortex of his brain, did not work in the way that it should (Waugh et al 2006). The motor area of the cerebral cortex of Terry's brain, was damaged due to the increase in epileptic seizures. Dehydration can cause the cells to deplete, due to not having enough fluids for them to replenish. The cells replenish in the sense that the fluids help the cells to regenerate, regulate the body temperature, to dilute the waste products within the body, and to maintain the level of fluids within the tissue fluid and blood (Waugh et al 2006). The patho-physiology of dehydration includes thirst, the mouth being dry, the tongue would look leathery, and fluid from within the tissues and skin would be withdrawn (Roper et al 1996; Brown, 1997; Day, 1997). Due to Terry not being able to drink fluids, he was not able to regulate his own body temperature, nor was his body able to dilute the poisonous substances in his body (Waugh et al 2006). Due to fluid being withdrawn from the body, this would mean that the body would not be able to maintain its own volume in blood (Roper et al 1996). The patho-physiology of not having enough fluids also includes the kidneys would excrete less than they normally would; a person would be lethargic; the skin would lose its elasticity and would appear to be more wrinkled (Roper et al 1996; Brown, 1997; Day, 1997). If Terry had been suffering from dehydration, his would have looked sunken and his urine output would be reduced as well as being more concentrated. If Terry had been suffering from a severe case of dehydration, his blood volume would be reduced. If the blood volume was to cause a circulation deficiency, this would cause his kidneys to fail to excrete the waste products that they normally excrete (Roper et al 1996; Brown, 1997; Day, 1997). Due to Terry not drinking the recommended two litres of fluids per day, we had to set a goal. The goal that had to be set, had to be set with Terry's parents (Roper et al 1996). The goal for the second problem, was to prevent dehydration during Terry's stay in hospital, through ensuring that Intravenous Saline was delivered through venous access (Dougherty et al 2008). The Intravenous Saline had to be delivered through venous access, due to the fact that this was the most effective way in which to infuse fluids. The fluids had to be infused over a period of 24 hours, due to the volume of the fluids. The Consultant prescribed two litres of Intravenous Saline, and the nursing team ensured that it was delivered (NMC, 2002; NMC, 2004; Dougherty et al 2008). Due to the fact that the fluids needed to be infused, the nursing team ensured that the fluids were delivered through the venous access, by using an infusion pump. The pump that was used by the nursing team, was the volumetric pump. The volumetric pumps allow health care professionals to administer large amounts of infusions, and this is why were used this type of pump to deliver the fluids that Terry needed over a 24 hour period (Sarpal, 2008). Due to the fact that the nursing team were delivering Intravenous Saline to Terry, it was important that this was documented by the nursing team within his nursing notes. The fact that this was documented in Terry's notes, ensured that the information was handed over to the nursing team on the next shift (NMC, 2004). It was important hat a fluid balance chart was also documented, as this would help the nursing team to ensure that the amount of input from fluids, was similar to Terry's urine output. The fact that the nursing team were able to monitor Terry's fluid input and output, ensured that his body was not retaining any of those fluids within a 24 hour period (Hunt et al 2008). The goal for dehydrat ion by providing two litres of Intravenous Saline over a 24 hour period, did fit into the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T) target planning technique. This was due to the fact that the goal was specific, measurable and time set. The goal was achievable and realistic, but only while Terry's venous access was as good as it was. When Terry's venous access for the Intravenous Saline to be delivered was poor, this meant that the nursing team had to find another route to deliver these fluids. The nursing team had to re-set the goal for delivering the Intravenous Saline. (Faulkner, 2000) Due to the fact that the nursing team could not deliver the Intravenous Saline through the venous route, had to be documented. The nursing team had to document the fact that Terry had poor venous access, and that they had asked his Consultant to review Terry (NMC, 2004). When Terry's Consultant had been to review him, the Consultant advised the nursing team to deliver the Saline through Terry's PEG tube. Terry's Consultant had to document the fact, that he had advised the nursing team to deliver the Saline through Terry's PEG tube. The Consultant also had to document that his advice was due to Terry's poor venous access in Terry's medical notes, and he had to document this on the prescription chart (NMC, 2004). Due to Terry having a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG), the nursing team and Terry's parents re-set the goal to deliver the fluids that Terry needed (Faulkner, 2000). The new goal that had been set, was to deliver one litre of Intravenous Saline through Terry's PEG tube. The litre of Saline was delivered to Terry through his PEG tube, over an 8 hour period rather than a 24 hour period. Even though the nursing team had to deliver the fluids through the PEG tube, they had to ensure that the goal did fit into the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T. ) target planning technique. This goal was specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time set for Terry and the nursing team (Faulkner, 2000). Before the nursing team could deliver the Saline through Terry's Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy, the Saline had to be prescribed by his Consultant. The Consultant had to document the Saline on Terry's prescription chart, and also had to document the route that the nursing team were to deliver the Saline (NMC, 2004). The Saline that had been prescribed by Terry's Consultant, also had to document in Terry's medical notes, that he had prescribed this and also document the route that he had advised to the nursing team (NMC, 2002; NMC, 2004). When the nursing staff had commenced the delivery of the Saline through the Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube, they themselves had to document this. The nursing team had to document the Saline running through the PEG tube, to enable the nursing notes for Terry to be up-to-date. The nursing team to document the amount of Saline that was to run through Terry's PEG tube, and what time the Saline infusion began. The nursing team also had to document how much of the Saline was to be infused in any one hour, when the Saline was due to finish, as well as document the lot number and expiry date that were on the bag of Saline. NMC, 2002; NMC, 2004) The documentation of the infusion of the Saline running through Terry's Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube, ensured that the nursing team could hand over the information to the nursing team that were due to care for Terry on the next shift (NMC, 2004). The goal that had been re-set by the nursing team, and Terry's parents, fitted in with the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T. ) target planning technique (Faulkner, 2000). The fact that the goal had to be re-set, ensured that the nursing team had been able to deliver the Saline through the Percutaneous Endoscopic Grastrostomy (PEG) tube. The goal to deliver the Saline through the PEG tube, had been specific, measurable, realistic and time set for Terry and the nursing team. This goal had been achieved, due to the fact that the care that the nursing team had been able to deliver the Saline in the time that they had set with Terry's parents (Faulkner, 2000). Due to the goal being achieved in the time frame that had been set by the nursing team, and Terry's parents, meant that the nursing team had been able to deliver the care that had been needed to achieve this goal (Faulkner, 2000). I am now at the point in this assignment when I can reflect. For my reflection, I will be using the Gibb's Reflective Cycle to reflect upon this assignment, which is documented within his book that was published in 1988 and entitled Learning by Doing: A Guide To Teaching and Learning Methods (Gibb's, 1998). Due to the fact that Terry ad a number of health problems, I had a hard task of choosing which two that I would use. I did have to think long and hard about which two health problems that I would use, but I was given permission from his parents to enable me to write this assignment (NMC, 2008). The two health problems that I had chosen, were breathing difficulties and dehydration. Due to the breathing difficulties that Terry suffered with, meant that his oxygen saturation levels were low. Due to Terry's breathing difficulties, this is why the nursing team, and his Consultant, had to gain consent from Terry's parents, to insert a percutaneous tracheostomy. The fact that the tracheostomy was inserted soon after Terry's admission, enabled the nursing staff within the ITU and the ward of the NHS FT, to ensure that Terry's oxygen saturation levels were maintained. Therefore, this is the reason why a goal was set. Due to a goal being set for Terry's oxygen saturation levels to be maintained, provides evidence to show that the nursing interventions were effective. The effectiveness of these nursing interventions, proves that goals that are set for an individual patient can also be met. The second goal that had been set for Terry by the nursing team, and his parents, had fitted in with the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T. ) target planning technique. Due to the fact that this goal was only partially met, did not necessarily mean that the care that had been delivered to Terry, had been ineffective. The care that had been delivered to Terry had been effective, but the goal could no longer be achieved through the venous route, due to the fact that Terry's venous access was poor. Due to Terry's poor venous access, this is why the nursing team had to re-set the goal with his parents. The goal that had to be re-set, fitted in with the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Set (S. M. A. R. T. ) target planning technique. The goal had been re-set, and had also been achieved in the time frame that had been set with Terry's parents. The goal that had been re-set, had been achieved in the time frame that had been set. The goal had been achieved due to the fact that, the nursing team were able to deliver the Intravenous Saline through the Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) that Terry had in place. The fact that the nursing team could not achieve this goal when it had first been set, was not an issue that could have been anticipated. Even though nursing teams can not anticipate why the goals are not met, they can re-set the goal and in time, meet the new goal. Therefore, the nursing care and interventions that are delivered, do make nursing care effective. Documentation of all care from the nursing team was important, due to the fact that the nursing team on one shift, were able to inform the nursing team of the next shift. Documentation also ensures that if the nursing team were unsure of any test results, that they were able to look over the nursing notes to ensure they knew where we were up to with the patient. The Consultants documentation in the patients medical notes, ensured that other doctors or Consultants were also aware of the patients condition and any tests that may have been ordered. Bibliography. Bailey, M. , Crossen, S. , Holland, J. , & Hollis, V. (2008) Observation's in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 25, Pages 496-544. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Brown, A. (1997) Caring for the Patient Undergoing Surgery in Walsh, M. (ed) (1997) Watson's Clinical Nursing and Related Sciences. 5th ed. Chapter 10, Pages 232-259. Edinburgh, Bailliere Tindall. Day, S. (1997) Caring for the Patient with a Nutritional Disorder in Walsh, M. (ed) (1997) Watson's Clinical Nursing and Related Sciences. 5th ed. Chapter 16, Pages 552-570. Edinburgh, Bailliere Tindall. Dolan, S. (2008) Respiratory Therapy in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 38, Pages 749-765. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Dougherty, L. , Farley, A. , Hopwood, L. & Sarpal, N. (2008) Drug Administration: General Principles in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 11, Pages 202-251. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Faulkner, A. (2000) Nursing: The Reflective Approach to Adult Nursing Practice. 2nd ed. Gloucestershire: Stanley Thornes Publishers Limited. Gibb's, G (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guide To Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic. Hackman, D. 2008) Positioning in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 34, Pages 668-689. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Hunt, P. , Kelynack, J. & Stevens, A. M. (2008) The Unconscious Patient in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 44, Pages 849-853. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Iggulden, H. (2006) Care Of The Neurological Patient. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Limited. Local NHS Trust (2004) NHS Trust – Recommended Protocol for Care of the Patient with a PEG. Liverpool: Local NHS Trust. Machin, J. , Rhys-Evans, F. (1996) Tracheostomy Care and Laryngectomy Voice Rehabilitation in Mallet, J. , Bailey, C. (eds) (1996) The Royal Marsden NHS Trust – Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. Chapter 41, Pages 550-565. London: Blackwell Science Limited. MacKenzie, E. (1996) Respiratory Therapy in Mallet, J. , Bailey, C. (eds) (1996) The Royal Marsden NHS Trust – Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. Chapter 35, Pages 474-480. London: Blackwell Science Limited. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2002) Guidelines for the Administration of Medicines. London: NMC. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2004) Guidelines for Records and Record Keeping. London: NMC. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code – Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. Roper, N. , Logan, W. W. , Tierney, A. J. (1996) The Elements of Nursing. 4th ed. America: Churchill Livingstone. Sarpal, N. (2008) Drug Administration: Delivery (Infusion Devices) in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 13, Pages 290-309. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Soady, C. (2008) Tracheostomy Care and Laryngectomy Care in Dougherty, L & Lister, S. (eds) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures. 7th ed. Chapter 42, Pages 809-829. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Waugh, A. , Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone. Woodrow, P. (1999) Pulse Oximetry. Nursing Standard. Volume 13, Number 42. Pages 42-46. Woodrow, P. (2006) Intensive Care Nursing – A Framework for Practice. 2nd ed. Oxon: Rouledge.

Create a Database Using Delphis File Of Typed Files

Create a Database Using Delphi's File Of Typed Files Simply put a file is a binary sequence of some type. In Delphi, there are three classes of file: typed, text, and untyped. Typed files are files that contain data of a particular type, such as Double, Integer or previously defined custom Record type. Text files contain readable ASCII characters. Untyped files are used when we want to impose the least possible structure on a file. Typed Files While text files consist of lines terminated with a CR/LF (#13#10) combination, typed files consist of data taken from a particular type of data structure. For example, the following declaration creates a record type called TMember and an array of TMember record variables. type   Ã‚  TMember record   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Name : string[50];  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  eMail : string[30];  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Posts : LongInt;  Ã‚  end;  var Members : array[1..50] of TMember; Before we can write the information to the disk, we have to declare a variable of a file type. The following line of code declares an F file variable. var F : file of TMember; Note: To create a typed file in Delphi, we use the following syntax: var SomeTypedFile : file of SomeType The base type (SomeType) for a file can be a scalar type (like Double), an array type or record type. It should not be a long string, dynamic array, class, object or a pointer. To start working with files from Delphi, we have to link a file on a disk to a file variable in our program. To create this link, we must use AssignFile procedure to associate a file on a disk with a file variable. AssignFile(F, Members.dat) Once the association with an external file is established, the file variable F must be opened to prepare it for reading and writing. We call Reset procedure to open an existing file or Rewrite to create a new file. When a program completes processing a file, the file must be closed using the CloseFile procedure. After a file is closed, its associated external file is updated. The file variable can then be associated with another external file. In general, we should always use exception handling; many errors may arise when working with files. For example: if we call CloseFile for a file that is already closed Delphi reports an I/O error. On the other hand, if we try to close a file but have not yet called AssignFile, the results are unpredictable. Write to a File Suppose we have filled an array of Delphi members with their names, e-mails, and number of posts and we want to store this information in a file on the disk. The following piece of code will do the work: var   Ã‚  F : file of TMember;  Ã‚  i : integer;begin   AssignFile(F,members.dat) ;   Rewrite(F) ;   try   Ã‚  for j: 1 to 50 do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Write (F, Members[j]) ;   finally   Ã‚  CloseFile(F) ;   end;end; Read from a File To retrieve all the information from the members.dat file we would use the following code: var   Ã‚  Member: TMember   Ã‚  F : file of TMember;begin   AssignFile(F,members.dat) ;   Reset(F) ;   try   Ã‚  while not Eof(F) do begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Read (F, Member) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  {DoSomethingWithMember;}   Ã‚  end;  finally   Ã‚  CloseFile(F) ;   end;end; Note: Eof is the EndOfFile checking function. We use this function to make sure that we are not trying to read beyond the end of the file (beyond the last stored record). Seeking and Positioning Files are normally accessed sequentially. When a file is read using the standard procedure Read or written using the standard procedure Write, the current file position moves to the next numerically ordered file component (next record). Typed files can also be accessed randomly through the standard procedure Seek, which moves the current file position to a specified component. The FilePos and FileSize functions can be used to determine the current file position and the current file size. {go back to the beginning - the first record} Seek(F, 0) ; {go to the 5-th record} Seek(F, 5) ; {Jump to the end - after the last record} Seek(F, FileSize(F)) ; Change and Update Youve just learned how to write and read the entire array of members, but what if all you want to do is to seek to the 10th member and change the e-mail? The next procedure does exactly that: procedure ChangeEMail(const RecN : integer; const NewEMail : string) ;var DummyMember : TMember;begin   {assign, open, exception handling block}   Seek(F, RecN) ;   Read(F, DummyMember) ;   DummyMember.Email : NewEMail;   {read moves to the next record, we have to   go back to the original record, then write}   Seek(F, RecN) ;   Write(F, DummyMember) ;   {close file}end; Completing the Task Thats it- now you have all you need to accomplish your task. You can write members information to the disk, you can read it back, and you can even change some of the data (e-mail, for example) in the middle of the file. Whats important is that this file is not an ASCII file, this is how it looks in Notepad (only one record): .Delphi Guide g Ã’5 ·Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ¬. 5. . B V.LÆ’ ,„ ¨.delphiaboutguide.comà .. à §.à §.à ¯..

Consumerism in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep essays

Consumerism in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep essays In the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, Philip K. Dick explores the recurring idea of entropy-a concept which describes everything as moving towards disorder and energy as being perpetually lost and wasted. This idea of constant disorder in emotional, societal, and metaphysical aspects permeates throughout the story. It is represented by consumerist characters who readily purchase commodities as well as by kipple, which serves as a symbol for wasted goods. Throughout his novel, Dick notes how entropy is a continuous, and unstoppable procedure and suggests that humans consumerism is a futile attempt to fight it. Dick employs the mood organ to suggest that attempts at reducing disorder through artificial means leads to further chaos and bedlam. Dick introduces the protagonist of the story, Rick Deckard, and his wife, Iran, and through the dialogue, he immediately portrays their relationship as unconventional and broken. Iran constantly berates Rick, calling him a murderer with crude cops hand[s] and Rick, in response feels irritable which grows to outright hostility towards his own wife (Dick 4). To combat these negative feelings, they use a technological development called a mood organ; a device which can control a users mood. Instead of finding genuine hope and happiness in this decaying world, they resort to artificial and consumerist products that reduce complex emotions to simple three digit numbers. Rick can just dial in numbers for creative and fresh attitude toward his job, awareness of the manifold possibilities, or ecstatic sexual bliss (6-7). However, the mood organ can also be u sed for negative emotions and when arguing with Iran, he considers dialing for a thalamic suppressant (which would abolish his mood of rage) or a thalamic stimulant (which would make him irked enough to win the argument) (4). T...

Cramond report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cramond report - Coursework Example The plausible reason for this could be differential deposition by the varied compositions of the shore water. Point Estimate Upper CL Lower CL Salinity East Wednesday 32.4 32.9 31.9 Salinity West Wednesday 21 24.3 17.7 Salinity East Friday 32 33.9 31.1 Salinity West Friday 25.2 28.7 21.7 Based on the nature of sediments present a large number of varied species could be present on either side of the causeway. An analysis of the number of species growing at both the sites on each day was also done to further enhance the assessment. The east sand and west mud were analyzed for macrofauna and lugworms. Macrofauna comprise of the shallow water communities that live on or in sediment, or attached to hard substrates majorly living in marine, estuarine or freshwater environments. Annelid worms, bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans, tunicates, and insect larvae are some of the most commonly encountered macrofauna in estuarine and coastal areas. Lugworms are present as coiled castings on the beac h during low tides and are otherwise rarely seen as they dig into the sand. East Sand Wednesday West Mud Wednesday East Sand Friday West Mud Friday Shellfish - cockles 6 0 0 0 Shellfish - Macoma 0 33 30 11 Shellfish - winkles 0 6 0 1 Crustaceans - Corophium 17 41 0 244 Crustaceans - shrimps 2 20 0 1 Ragworms 21 29 21 56 Sandmason worms 0 0 26 0 Other polychaete worms 7 5 23 17 Amongst the macrofauna the species considered were Shellfish – cockles, Shellfish – Macoma, Shellfish – winkles, Crustaceans – Corophium, Crustaceans – shrimps, Ragworms, Sandmason worms and some other polychaete worms (data shown in table 2). Ragworms were the most uniformly present organisms on all days and in all salinity conditions indicating their non-specific nature of growth. Shellfish – cockles, Sandmason worms and Shellfish – winkles on the other hand had a very specific nature of abundance indicating their high sensitivity to even the slightest change in salinity conditions. Shellfish – cockles were less abundant (only 6 in number) and found only on the East Sand and that too only on Wednesday. Sandmason worms grew abundantly in the East sand on Friday only. Shellfish – winkles grew scarcely on West Mud on Wednesday and hardly grew on the West Mud on Friday with only 1 organism found that day. Shellfish – Macoma were found to grow on both the east sand and west mud and were dependant only on the salinity conditions present. They were able to grow on salinity estimates of up to 32 only. Crustaceans – Corophium was unable to tolerate high saline conditions and they grew on the east sand on Wednesday but died by the next day. However, their growth on the west mud was very favorable as they grew fairly well on Wednesday and their growth increased exponentially by the following day as they were found to reach a number of 244 from 41 the previous day. Other polychaete worms like the Ragworms grew on both the places in all days but their abundance was highest on the east sand on Friday. Lugworms were counted during as late as possible in the low tide period as they are otherwise very rarely found on the beach. Raw lugworm counts were scarce ranging from 0-5 only. Lugworms were present scarcely on the west mud on Wednesday but became nil by Friday probably due to change in salinity conditions. Similar pattern of abundance was seen on the east mud as

Management, Work and Society People, Management and Business Essay

Management, Work and Society People, Management and Business - Essay Example As the trade transactions have immensely increased, traders are compelled to find new sources of human power. In the words of Phillips (2009), for every business, an experienced and skilled worker is an invaluable asset and hence employers are willing to retain such employees at any cost. As a result, modern marketers offer improved worksite environment as long as possible. Similarly, the demographics factor also plays a crucial role in determining the future of work force. The UK government has also realized the increased need of human power in future so that it gives great emphasis employees’ healthcare. In addition, day to day developments in technology also greatly contributes to employees’ interests. For instance, improved technological developments minimize the workload to a large extent. The increasing participation of female workers in UK workforce also indicates a prosperous future work. With intent to improve the work future, employers have made considerable c hanges in work schedules and they pay higher attention to ensure that the implemented changes best suit the interests of the employees. In the opinion of Williams, â€Å"Foramalisation and commodification of work is seen to be increasingly taking place with an open world economy† (Williams, 2009). ... International Labour Organisation, unemployment occurs when people have no jobs although they actively searched for opportunities within the past four weeks. Evidently, employment rate plays a vital role in determining a country’s level of economic growth. A lower unemployment rate clearly indicates the faster development of the economy (Sesric reports). When the unemployment rate is higher in a country, the government is forced to declare additional incentives and subsidies in the employment sector and this situation impedes the rapid economic growth of the country. Hence, it is necessary to create adequate job opportunities in a country so as to effectively employ the maximum potentials of available human resources. However, it is observed that 2.49 million people in the United Kingdom were unemployed in 2009 and it was the highest figure recorded since March 1995. According to Office for National Statistics, in the 12 months ending June 2010, the unemployment has varied bet ween 2.9% and 14.1%. The people over 60 are most likely to be unemployed in UK since the employers believe that employees of this group cannot adequately contribute to the sustainability of their firms. The termination of experienced and skilled employees on the ground of age limit intensifies unemployment rate in UK. The higher unemployment rate causes far reaching consequences in a country. When a country possesses large number of unemployed citizens, it adversely affects the nation’s stature in the global market; and thereby foreign investors hesitate to invest with the nation. Similarly, if the nation is unable to produce adequate employment opportunities, people tend to look for jobs abroad; this condition will seriously impinge on the increased need of human resources that would arise