Maternal and Paternal Inheritances Essay

Our very existence in this world begins from both maternal and paternal inheritance. Both are very similar in characteristics; however the real difference is only in the gender. The definition of both communicates as; originates either from the mother or the father’s side, motherly or fatherly bonds, received or inherited from ones mother or father, every one of us also has someone in their lives who shows these characteristics but are of no relation. The majority of women have maternal instincts; which is passed down from mother to daughter. It originates from your mother’s side and will be continued to be passed down in generations to come however if a women was not to have children the can still pass on their maternal instincts on to their nieces and nephews, an adopted child, step children, and even their friends children. Maternal refers to the mother and child bonds, these bonds can form at any time in life. They can last for many years but can also be broken very quickly. Motherly is a description of maternal, which can mean caring, accepting, embracing, comforting and this is the tip of the iceberg of characteristics that could be mentioned. It’s not only traits that a mother can pass down it’s teachings like cooking and sewing. Paternal originates from you dads side of the family and can be passed down. Not even man will have children but he can still pass on his paternal instincts to the players on the team that they couch, their nephews, and their friend’s children. The instincts that they can pass on are different than the ones from a female figure. Paternal is also recognized as fatherly. Fatherly can be the knowledge on sports begin passed on and how to play them, and being there for the players. The bond of a father and child is simpler for the son because it can be through watching football every Sunday night, or playing catch in the backyard. On the other hand with the father and daughter bond it may be a bit more complicated because of the different interests between daughters and their fathers. There are many things that you can receive from paternal such as traits like hair color, eye color, body build. They can also pass on their knowledge, wisdom, and their drive to succeed. We all know someone who’s in our life by choice not by force. These people are the non-maternal and non-paternal friends that aren’t related to you in any way but still show and give the maternal and paternal characteristics. These are the people, which may be closer than actual family and that you may relay on the most during the good and bad situations in life. We deal everyday with maternal and paternal situations that have helped us become the person we are today. These may originate from the mother’s or the father’s side, including bonding with either mothers or fathers and we can receive or inherit traits from both sides of the family. There are also many non-family relationships that give us the same traits and characteristics.

What is supply Management?

Several authors have offered various definitions of supply management, whereas the definitions have seemed concomitant, the functions of supply management have at times appeared paradoxical. According to Gattorna et al (2003), supply management is defined as the methodical business progression that encompasses diversified functions such as synchronizing inbound and internal logistics and managing inventory than legendary buying, this is in agreement with Baily et al, (2005), who implies that supply management is the recognition, acquirement, entree, position and administration of resources and associated competence the business needs or prospectively needs to survive. However, Leenders et al, (2001), defines supply management as techniques and procedures of institutional or corporate buying, and argues that supply management is concerned with the oversight and administration of services and resource inputs, handling the suppliers of the inputs and sustaining input acquisition process. These definitions have however centered on explaining supply management as just the process buying and the management of the processes of buying and related procedures. Trent , (2007), offers a diversified definition of supply management and argues that supply management has matured from deliberate function of procurement and purchasing into a crucial strategic role influencing the survival of the organizations, he argues that supply management plays a primary role in the organization in that it influences the organization's image, social and corporate policy, progresses the competitive position and customer satisfaction and promotes effectiveness, productivity and efficiency of an organization. Supply management is therefore viewed as the main source of strategic competitive advantage of an organization. The research shall therefore evaluate the defined effectiveness of strategic management as a source of competitive advantage to organizations.

Difference between peer reviewed journal article and a research report Essay

Difference between peer reviewed journal article and a research report of an organization - Essay Example However, the academic standards of a peer-reviewed journal are higher and more sophisticated than those of other organizations. â€Å"Generally journals of this nature do not have illustrations and use black print on white paper† (Hensley, 2012) whereas organizational research reports employ the use of other colors also. Writing of peer-reviewed journal articles is more meaningful, self-explanatory, brief, clearer, and free of phrases and idioms whereas organizational reports are less particular about these things. Overall, journal article writing is more formal than other research reports. There are a number of reasons for these differences of standards. Firstly, the viewership of a journal article is much wider and larger than that of a research report of an organization, which imparts the need for writing to be precise and clear. Secondly, the definite layout makes it convenient for peer-reviewers to evaluate a journal article by passing it through the official editorial process (usa-document.com, n.d.), while peer-reviewing may not be required for ordinary research reports of other

There Are Taxes to Be Paid Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

There Are Taxes to Be Paid - Research Paper Example uired that the direct taxes that are collected by the federal government should be apportioned to the States, in accordance with their population numbers (Buenker, 1981). Further, the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted the federal government the powers to collect the taxes without regard to the provisions of Clause 4 of Section 9 in the Article I of the USA constitution, which required that the collection of direct taxes should be done with regard to a census or enumeration (Jensen, 2001).Therefore, the basic t salient points of the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution are: The Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave the congress, and consequently the federal government the right to collect taxes from whichever sources that an income was being generated by the American public (Buenker, 1981). Thus, it was now within the discretion of the federal government to apply tax towards the incomes that individuals were earning from their payroll incomes, where the federal government set the minimum taxable labor income at $3000. In addition, the federal government gained the right to impose tax on gains derived from capital (Jensen, 2001). In this respect, the earnings in relation to properties owned by individuals or corporations would now pass for taxation, including the profits obtainable when such capital properties are sold or when they change hands. The other basic tenet of the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is that; the federal government gained the right to use the direct taxes obtained from the various sources in whichever way it deemed necessary (Buenker, 1981). This provision was a desertion from the provisions of the article I of the U.S. Constitution, which provided that the federal government should apportion all the direct taxes it collected to different States, based on the population numbers of each state, such that the States with a high population would be apportioned a higher amount of the direct taxes

E-learning that is a Reflection on an Online Issue Essay

E-learning that is a Reflection on an Online Issue - Essay Example Swan (2001), made me realize and identify the various course designs that has significance factors in finding out the quantity, quality and nature of instructiveness among my fellow students, in my group in a particular course. Kearsley (2000) struck my attention as I learned the significance of the instructor in being skilled, establishing and managing communication in online courses in the classroom, as this will have a nonstop impact on me and the rest of the students. I also prefer the instructor teaching us new skills and behaviors; that I will employ when in collaboration with the rest of the students in a particular course in the group discussions. The quality of learning experience has a positive effect on me and has linked me in a good position to engage, interact and collaborate with the other learned students (Chen, 2008). I want to gain better collaboration in group discussions and develop vital skills in critical thinking, co-construction of knowledge and self-reflection through the social learning and group learning in the classroom. I have come to learn and appreciate quality that learning environments creates and the opportunity for me and the students to involve ourselves in interactive and collaborative actions. It is through precise knowledge of collaborative learning that I have development the vital part of learning that involves critical thinking skills. I have known how to co- create with other students in groups collaboration, and also learned the art of transformative learning (Pallof and Pratt, 2005). Diverse learning styles and cultures have taught me to learn how to handle more learning issues and topics without difficulty, because effectual collaborative learning has a variety of values to learn from. The instructor suggests that the skills that I have gained through the experience of collaborative learning may be transferred to the team - based work environment; which I may use to teach the other students the value of online learni ng in collaborative groups (Shaw, 2006). Siemens (2005) came to my interest and made me learn that in collaborative learning situation, the knowledge that I personally acquire can be shared and transmitted to the other learners as they strive to work in the same direction of common learning goals. I myself, like the rest of the learners, am trying to perfect processes of knowledge acquisition as I am involved in researches in class assignment, through the period where I exchange opinions with the rest of the students as, I constantly search for information in books, print sources, and the media and also in the World Wide Web. I have improvised my knowledge that I have acquired in co-creating hence sharing it between the ever greedy students who failed to obtain the knowledge from the course material and the instructors. That knowledge has helped me create a bond among my fellow learners as they depend and gain knowledge from me also from the little they have acquired from each other s experience. My order of thinking has been improved through collaborative learning in the e- learning techniques and I have gained richer and healthier knowledge generating from the shared goal and process of meaning and exploration into collaborative lea

Psychology discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology discussion - Assignment Example Keeping in mind my family, I would prefer going to some other city to look out for an employment. While making this decision, I would think of my children’s education and my family’s welfare. Considering all these factors I would decide on taking up an employment rather than getting a college degree. If I decide to go back to college for getting a degree, it will certainly affect my children’s future as I will not have sufficient funds to take care of my family. This may cause adverse effects. The criteria like trend of the industry which I have decided to work and my career prospects have to be considered.(McKay 2008). Switching the career or the industry may help in my future. Since relocating would be of great help in finding me a job immediately, I would decide on moving to a different city. This decision would definitely help in improving my career and my family’s

Will be writing about the impact of recent technology in breast cancer Annotated Bibliography

Will be writing about the impact of recent technology in breast cancer - Annotated Bibliography Example hnologies, the study indicates that superior imaging techniques show promise for postoperative specimen evaluation and have helped improve breast cancer screening. Further, the study shows that digital mammography has helped improve the sensitivity of mammography especially for women aging 50 years and below and that it may help improve the specificity of tomosynthesis. This source contributes to the collection of Annotated Bibliography (AB) by highlighting the role that the improved technology has played in the treatment of breast cancer. The specific technologies highlighted in this article clearly shows how improved technology has contributed towards the treatment of breast cancer. Joann, G. Elmore, MP, Armstrong, K., Constance, D., & Fletcher, S. (1997). Barclay J. Increase in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast cancer in relation to mammography: a dilemma. Journal of Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 22:151–6. In this article, Elmore et al. demonstrates that the increased utilization of screening mammography has had a remarkable change in detected ductal carcinoma, in situ cases of breast. The articles show that, in 1993 alone, there were about 23,276 newly diagnosed DCIS cases in the U.S. Of these 4,675 were in women aging between 40 and 49. The authors indicate that DCIS accounted for about 14.7 percent of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases among women aging between 40 and 49, and 40 percent of the mammographically detected breast cancer cases in this group were DCIS. In women aging between 40 and 49, an approximate 2,707 lumpectomies and mastectomies were conducted for DCIS. This source contributes to the AB collection by demonstrating the use of screening mammography, one of the current technologies, in the detecting ductal carcinoma, in situ cases of breast. Glass A, Lacey J, & Carreon J. (2007). Breast cancer incidences, 1980–2006, combined roles of menopausal hormone therapy, Estrogen Receptor Status, and screening mammography. Journal of Natl Cancer

Research Paper on the Key Components of a Successful Blog & the

On the Key Components of a Successful Blog & the â‚ ¬Ã…“Promotionâ‚ ¬Ã¯ ¿ ½ of a blog once it is developed - Research Paper Example However, as Sexton (336) suggests, the graphic design should not be a cause for the visitors’ distraction; and there should be something new with the blog regularly so that it would retain visitors. The voice of the blog also is an important factor because only a blog with authentic voice can retain the visitors for future sales (Webber and Webber L: 20). It means, if the blog does not have a personal feel, it will not succeed in building social networks. Furthermore, it is advisable to attach RSS feeds (Rich Site Summary) to the blog so that the visitors can know whenever a new post is published; and also the RSS feeds allow the blogger to post content from any website with RSS feed (Michie: 268). Another essential feature the blog should have is the guiding links to other sources and older posts of the same blog. The networking and the community building is the core component of a successful blog because it will open up new opportunities and relationships which will enable cross-promotion through guest blogging (Gunelius: 471). Guest blogging is an effective alternative to ease the tension on the paucity of ideas for further posts. Moreover, it would make the blog more attractive and effective as it maintains diverse posts from guest bloggers. As mentioned earlier, in order to maintain a blog reader friendly, it should be updated frequently with new posts and necessary ingredients. It is always better to avoid ghost writers for creating new posts for your blog; and in the same way if the blog allows user’s comments there should be provision to prune the unfavorable comments and spam messages (Webber and Webber L: 20). The success of a blog depends on the time and effort spent on its maintenance and promotion. It is not easy for a blog to obtain visitors since there are hundreds of sites and blogs which use the virtual space for

Sex and Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sex and Sexuality - Essay Example No 'good' woman should or would explore her sensuality or sexuality, nor ever imply a sexual need. Men too, were expected to conform to 'gentlemanly' ways, not giving in to lust, honoring the purity of their womenfolk. The hypocrisy lies in the fact that these same gentlemen considered it acceptable to use prostitutes, after all, such women were neither Madonna nor virgin, merely tools to ease their discomfort Both pieces of writing are powerful revelations as to how this repressive state affected both men and women. They go far in providing insight into the minds of both sexes as people try to deal with the universal and timeless truth of human sexuality. Fowles devotes a whole chapter to the matter (Chapter 35). In these pieces, it is almost as though a lid is taken off a shining box, clean and perfect on the outside (the facade of moral Victorian society); the truth exposed shows us On reading Browning's powerful, dramatic monologue, the words "snuff movie" came to mind. I read and re-read, then examined it in the light of the Victorian era. Here is a lonely, miserable individual, on a rainy, windy night, no fire in him or his surroundings - then Porphyria comes: 'She shut out the cold and the storm And kneeled and made the cheerless grate Blaze up, and all the cottage warm.' (Browning, Lines 7-9) The actions of then removing her garments, showing him her bare skin, putting his arm around her, all contain elements of seduction; she is teasing him, behaving like a prostitute, not the lady she is. 'And spread over all, her yellow hair, Murmuring how she loved me.' (Browning, Lines 20-21) ... 'She shut out the cold and the storm And kneeled and made the cheerless grate Blaze up, and all the cottage warm.' (Browning, Lines 7-9) The actions of then removing her garments, showing him her bare skin, putting his arm around her, all contain elements of seduction; she is teasing him, behaving like a prostitute, not the lady she is. 'And spread over all, her yellow hair, Murmuring how she loved me.' (Browning, Lines 20-21) He thinks she is too proud or concerned with another to give herself to him, but she does. 'But passion sometimes would prevail.' (Browning, Line 25) I confess that in reading the following lines, I considered Porphyria to be behaving in an overtly sexual manner and the meaning translates to me that her love is sexually aroused, not just surprised but shocked and somewhat disgusted. 'So, she was come through wind and rain. Be sure I looked up at her eyes Happy and proud; at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me: surprise Made my heart swell, and still it grew While I debated what to do.' (Browning, Lines 29-34) I would contend that not only his heart swelled, seeing her happy and proud eyes and the physical effect on him, her wanton behavior, caused him to either respond in deep disgust at both of them, or 3. made him lose his sanity at the 'horror' of what they were doing. Put in the context of Victorian morality, these two are committing a grievous sin against society and God. She has become like a whore, a temptress, and the cause of his downfall, so he must punish her, remove the cause of his guilt. Porphyria has dared to express and act upon her sexuality; doing so has destroyed her lover's illusions, even

IBM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IBM - Essay Example Market to book ratio of IBM is favourable at 11.32 times. On the other hand, the industry average is lower at only 4 times. Further, the above computations indicate that the difference between the performance of IBM and the industry’s average outcomes. In terms of price earnings ratio, the IBM price to earnings ratio is 13.33 times. On the other hand, the industry average generated the unfavorably lower 13 times price to earnings ratio (Crosson, 2011). Likewise, the above computations show the difference between the performance of IBM and the industry’s average outcomes. In terms of price earnings ratio, the IBM price to earnings ratio is 13.33 times. On the other hand, the industry average generated the unfavorably lower 13 times price to earnings ratio. The above table shows IBM’s performance, in relation to the performance of the company (Crosson, 2011). IBM’s year end 0.4 percent dividend yield for 2012. On the other hand, the industry average performed more favorably with its 3 percent dividend yield. The company’s inventory turnover ratio is 22.21 times. The ratio is more favourable to IBM than lesser 12 time periods. The above table also shows that the IBM entity generated a favourable day’s sales inventory of 16.21 days. The industry average of 30 days is less favourable compared to the IBM days sales production output. IBM generated a 20 percent net profit margin. The total amount is favourably higher than the 12 percent net profit margin generated by industry competitors. The company’s return on equity figure indicates the company generated a favourable 31 percent return on equity. The ratio is favourably higher than the industry average of 15 percent. The ratio deals with how long managem ent or the owner can recover the amount invested in the business. The above table indicates that IBM’s financial performance in terms of collecting the customer’s receivables (Warren, 2009). The above table shows

Poverty and Crime Essay Example for Free

Poverty and Crime Essay â€Å"A study found that Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high. This rise in poverty extends beyond ghettos and reaches to suburbs and rural communities. Poverty and crime has been a controversial subject over the years. Scholars argue that poverty does not have a relationship to crime because there are countries where poverty is very high but the crime rate is low. In the US it would be hard to argue that there is not a relationship between crime and poverty. The poor people make up an overwhelming majority of the people behind bars. Sociologist and criminal justice scholars have found a direct connection between poverty and crime. An economic theory of crime assumes that people weigh the consequences of committing crime. In an environment of extreme poverty, system failures abound. Establishing satisfying employment and economic well-being are important factors for successful reintegration from prison to the community. It will take all of us working together to make a real impact on this problem (capaassociation.org).† The Crime rates get higher as the poverty rates increase in America. But why do this happen, is it because people are getting desperate or is it just a consequence. A reason could be that people are running into conflicts. But another reason could be that some people look how others function and how they solve their problems. Or is it just how people label other people contributes the way they act in society. It is also possible that poverty is because of the culture of poverty. Conflict theories are the social, political or material inequalities of a social group, which detract from structural functionalism. People run in to conflicts in their life weather if there small or big, but the size of the problem is the individual’s decision. Some people resort to crime only if the cost or consequences are outweighed by the benefits to be gained. So if someone lost a job or needs money as fast as possible they are more likely to commit like burglary, mugging, larceny, or theft. Another conflict could be if someone finds out that a close friend is in trouble and they need money and they do what they have to help them out.

A View From the Bridge in Act One Essay Example for Free

A View From the Bridge in Act One Essay A View from the Bridge is a play written by Arthur Miller. This play is set in America in the 1950s, in an Italian American neighbourhood under the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. The area Eddie Carbone and his family live in is called Red Hook, a tightly knit community where neighbours are almost like family and everyone knows everything about each other. Red Hook is a poor area where all the families are in the same situation; men work at the docks and the women stay at home cooking, cleaning and caring for the children. Most of Millers work is set in America and portrays realistic characters and events. He deals with political and moral issues and weaves in ideas from Greek Tragedy. He is interested in how personal relationships dictate the way one leads ones life and about peoples struggles to do what is right. In this play, Eddie is the tragic hero; he mirrors the hubris characteristic. This will foreshadow to the audience that he will be the reason for his own downfall. The Hubris character, mentioned in one of Alfieris speeches, would tell the audience that Eddie would always thing that hes right and no one would be strong enough to stand up and prove him wrong. Miller gives us clues about the play through dramatic irony (audience will begin to understand that Eddies feelings towards his niece arent right), symbolism (the characters on stage use a lot of words that have several meanings, and one of those popular words in this play is sugar, which was mostly used to represent Catherine), foreshadowing (Miller gives us a straight introduction to the lawyer of this play who foreshadows a blood-shed ending. Eddie also foreshadows his own future actions by telling his family about Vinny Bolzano) and by using stage directions (the audience gets a better understanding of the play by looking at the positions of the different characters, for example, throughout this play Eddie slowly becomes separated from his family, he becomes isolated, this is represented through the different arrangements on scene, towards the end of act one, Eddies mostly found sitting or standing by himself). This can also be seen through Eddies language towards his niece (I dont like the looks they are giving you in the candy store), the names he calls her Kate, the way he behaves to her and also through Beatrices and Alfieris actions and conversations to Eddie to try and stop what Eddies doing. Each of the dramatic functions shows us that theres something wrong with Eddie and his relationship with his niece and this could also possibly cause his own downfall. This play mirrors a Greek tragedy where the outcome is known. In this Greek tragedy, the hubris character is represented as Eddie. Our narrator, Alfieri, whos also an unlucky lawyer, guides us throughout the play and he sometimes gives the audience hints and clues about whatll happen next. Hes the one who introduces the play at the beginning. He says In some Caesar year another lawyer heard the same complaint and sat there as powerless as I and watched run its bloody course. His speech tells us that what is going to happen is inevitable. It happens again and again and no one can stop it. The word bloody tells us that this play will end with blood, perhaps a death. Another lawyer backs up one of my previous point, which shows that this happens again and again. Caesar also shows us that this started years ago. These words also give us a basic idea of the settings. Miller wanted to retell this story with an ordinary family; this is foreshadowing the inevitable tragic ending. In this play our hero is Eddie, Eddie Carbone. He is a flawed-hero who doesnt recognise his feelings towards Catherine, whom he also calls Kate. However, hes not only a flaw-hero; hes also a real hero. His actions show us this, for example he welcomes the idea of the illegal immigrants. Eddie tells Beatrice that its an honour, B. I mean it. Hes benevolent as well as generous. Eddie has supported his family and has also brought up Catherine. So in this section, Miller uses foreshadowing and Greek characters to make the audience aware of the tragic ending. Through foreshadowing, he makes the audience conscious that he is a real-hero because he helps Catherine, looked after her for all these years and accepted the immigrants into his house without any trouble. But the audience will also be familiar with the fact that he is a flawed-hero, this is because of Alfieris speech, which is right at the beginning of the play. Alfieri mentions Hubris and that is the type of character that Eddie is mirroring. This will give a hint to the audience that his downfall would probably be caused by his own thoughts that others arent able to prove wrong, even if they do prove it wrong; Eddie ends up finding something wrong in there too. The whole man that Alfieri describes in Eddie is the self-interested man. Eddies actions within the play are completely motivated by his own desires at the expense of others. Hints about Eddies obsession with Catherine were given right at the beginning. This will also make the audience aware of a tragic ending, his incorrect kind of obsession will obviously cause his downfall, and furthermore the audience will also start to wonder the extremes that he will go to, to keep his niece safe from men. Eddies obsession has one way or another extended, this has also led him to more acts. The audience starts to realise this when he says you are walking wavy. This is not a usual relationship between an uncle and a niece. The audience will start to understand that something is wrong there. Wavy also emphasises the point that she does it on purpose, like moving her hips, its a natural thing to do, some people might suggest that shes also attention seeking. However other people might suggest that it suggests a sexual manner which Eddie accuses Catherine of having just in her walk. Eddie doesnt seem to know that hes over-protecting Catherine. He doesnt like her dressing-up herself, which could be seen as something that young girls usually do in the eyes of the audience. But others might also argue that hes just doing the job of a good uncle. However when he says Whats the high heels for garbo? , the way he says might again make the audience take their sides. Though the word garbo, the audience will realise that again his feelings are wrong, this is because he compares a beautiful actress to his niece. High heels also shows that he doesnt like other people seeing her in the way he does, she can look pretty in the house but in front of other men, she has to look simple. This will also the make the audience aware of his own downfall, his feelings towards Catherine arent right, he tries to lead and control the situation, and this also makes the audience anticipate whats going on between Eddie and Catherine. He also doesnt want her to have a job. The audience understands this when he says I know that neighbourhood B, I dont like it. Eddies again showing his over protectiveness by not allowing Catherine to go to work. This quote again can have lots of meanings, for example, some people might think that Eddie doesnt seem to like Kate to be working with other men, but others might suggest that its just Eddie looking at Catherine like a child, like a kid. Eddie definitely doesnt want Catherine to get mixed up with men. We see that when Catherine waves at Louis, Eddie seems to not like it even though Louis is just a well-known family friend. This might also be because he doesnt like her socialising with men. He tells her that he knows stuff about Louis that she doesnt know. Miller also foreshadows Eddies end by introducing the story of Vinnie. This is the story of a young boy who snitches on his own immigrant uncle. Eddie lectures Beatrice and Catherine in Act one, he says Just remember, kid, you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. This means that he know what the impacts will be if anyone found people at their house. This can also be seen as ironic because he ends up doing it himself just like the little boy so the audience might compare these two characters and decide that Eddie has the heart and brain of a kid when he phones them so he doesnt really know what he is doing. This quote also reveals that Eddie knows his own fate- he knows what will happen to him but cannot escape his fate. Much like Alfieri, Eddie watches himself make decisions he knows will not only ruin his reputation in the community, but also kill him. Eddie may know the consequences of what he does, but remains powerless or too mad to stop it. Miller sets up Eddie so vehemently against betrayal that his transition on the betrayer seems illogical, so this is another way in which Miller makes the audience aware of the tragic ending, he makes Eddie go to his extremes and the audience will just have to watch the consequences.

Affordable Housing and Income Inequality

Affordable Housing and Income Inequality Liz White-MacDonald Abstract Nurses are faced with daily challenges to deal with an increased in acuity and complexities in regards to patient health outcomes. Nurses participate in advocacy and policy making in adjusting affordable housing to meet the demands of their patients. Policies by nurses have seen drastic changes in the housing communities which has seen an upsurge of low income families managing to secure affordable housing. These drastic changes are in realtion to the exceptional work done br registered nurses in adviacting and offering teacjing to these patients. Nurses are aware that health and poor hosuing had detrimental facets to our patients, and by provind hope and resilience to patients who are low income and lack hosuing security, we are forging an excellent nrand of nurisn gpreactice Keyword: communication, caring, interaction, therapeutic relationship Affordable Housing and Income Inequality Access to affordable housing is a serious concern facing many households in Canada, particularly for low incomes households that are trying to keep up with the high rise of housing costs. This concern with the issues related to the supply of affordable housing have focused their approach to income inequality, unfair housing markets, lack of a national housing strategy in Canada , lack of growth in affordable housing options relative to low income families. In this paper, I intend to examine the link between income inequality and affordable housing in Canada and its effect on the quality of life of the residents using a family systems approach. An important aspect of the current Canadian economy is that of the dual income family. Many dual income families in Canada require both partners to work in order to provide secure housing, childcare and food security. Most Canadians that have a decent job and roofs over their heads and the income to afforde groceries do not hesitate to argue for affordable housing. However, for low-income families, whose income can be gone in trying to keep their family sheltered in an appropriate and acceptable home, this can be faced with many economical and health issues. Consequently, many families are working full time far below the poverty line in jobs that are unstable, without security, benefits or flexibility for family related responsibilities. To qualify for subsidized housing in Edmonton , an applicant must have a gross household income of atleast $48,000 for a two bedroom, 59,000 for a three bedroom and $64,000 for a fourn bedroom, besides the gross household income potential buyers must also possess a vefication letter of job and successfully pass a criminial background check, have thhe downpayment, and credit rating. In addition, during my interview, the interviewee insisted that if housing prices fall within a decent price range for a 3 bedroom house , she will be more than happy to adjust and prioritize her list of wants/needs to fit what they can afford, however housing costs are fluctuating every year in Edmonton, and recently the Canadian Mortgage and Hosuing Corpation( 2015) stated that, â€Å" Effective June 1st, 2015, the mortgage loan insurance premium for homebuyers with less than a 10% down payment will increase by approximately 15% (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation [CMHC], 2015). This new change will make it tougher for low income families to access first time homes. Despite the relatively attainable steps in achieving homes in Canada, families are still facing economic issues in accessing homes. This is due to the fact that mortgages and hous ing policies have not been flexible in modifying their approach to allow low income households better options to buy newer homes. Nurses Role Nurses can be advocates in helping patients achieve affordable housing and a safer health status by connoting policies or engaging in design standards that enable families of diverse economic means, racial/ethnic backgrounds or family compositions to live in housing and neighborhoods that enable then exercise to the fullest extent possible personal choice in housing, education and employment. This choice enables families to enjoy equal opportunity for economic and social mobility and enables communities to smoothly adapt to inevitable changes over time in employment, infrastructure and demographics .Affordable housing and income inequality involves nurses participation at all levels of their scope of practice, in doing so, nurses recognize factors that prevent and/or are detrimental to their patient’s health and attempt to address the social, economic( salary and wages) and environmental aspects ( neighbourhood and services available). In their article, Anderson et al. (2003) supports the idea that Affordability of housing is linked to the health and well-being of individuals and families. When a market lacks a sufficient supply of affordable housing, lowerincome families are often forced to limit expenditures for food, medical care, and other necessities in order to pay rent.The lack of affordable housing within a community can contribute to family residential instability, as families are forced to move frequently, live with other families in overcrowded conditions. (Anderson et al., 2003) To be effective advocates, Registered Nurses will need to rely on their education and self-reflection on their own beliefs and practices surrounding income and poor housing and the effect it has on health. Nurses also need to bring awareness of poor housing and its complication on their patients’ health to the policy table. For the purpose of understanding our patient’s health it critical to advocate through policies on behalf of our patients. Advocacy presents a benchmark where health issues can be forwarded to the appropriate municipal, regional or government offices which may require policy changes. According to Goodman (2014), Opportunities for advocacy abound. Whatever one’s personal interests, commitments, and skills, there is an opportunity for every nurse to participate actively in shaping the future of nursing (p. 668). Despite the lack of affordable housing crunch, federal, municipal and government agencies have attempted to address issues related to af fordable housing. However, polies or market changes have not been met to prevent the housing crunch. Nurses through advocacy can be an important mediator in this emerging issue. Role of Advaocacy In nursing Nursing Advocacy has been one of the most vital and basic roles of the nursing profession. Despite bring intricate in nature it promotes a form of representation for our patients, supports autonomy and respect for our patients regardless of their diagnosis. In addition, advocacy acts as a mediator between the patient and the health system. In our nursing profession, advocacy is guided by CARNA through its ethical codes. These codes influences the profession in a organize and professional way. In nursing literature and research on the subject, Cole, Wellard Mummery (2014) states, â€Å" advocacy in nursing is defined as a nurse actively supporting patients in relation to their rights and choices, clarifying their healthcare decisions in support of their informed decision-making and protecting basic human rights such as autonomy. (p. 577. Nursing advocacy is usually discussed within the realms of patients right and the philosophy of nursing as a whole, however, it is critical to recognise that nursing advocacy can also be discussed as a professional approach that falls outside the therapeutic nurse patient relationship . There is always a constant call for nurses to be advacates in affordable hosuing for their patients, however most nursing advocacy are done within the span of the unit and hospital, Affordable housing advocacy encourages nurses to go beyond their normal physical space to municipal, government and federal meetings. To achieve this nurses must possess emotional strength and the right education to perform the needs of patient advocacy successfully. Using a family center approach, Nurses must work with the family to develop strategies that provided opportunities for patients. By looking at factors that affect each family member and also be able to identify each family member strength and which helps in the sustaiblity of good hosuing. Despite the strength of the Canadian housing market, affordable housing and stable vvibrant communities remain unequally distributed. These inqualities stems from the shortages of affordable hosuing communities, income inequality and current state of the country’s economy. Bryant (2003) in his article argued that , â€Å" The availability and affordability of housing plays an important role in relationship to other social determinants of health. People can go without many things, but going without housing is potentially catastrophic. If citizens are required to spend increasing proportions of available resources on maintaining a roof over their head, the resources available to support socia l determinants of health such as food and educational resources are diminished. (Bryant, 2003, p. 55). Practice Development Research by Krieger Higgins (2002) supports the increasing body of evidence that has associated housing quality with morbidity from infectious diseases, chronic illnesses, injuries, poor nutrition, and mental disorders (Krieger Higgins, 2002) . Affordable living and low income is a critical need in mitigating the devastating effects of poverty. People that lack adequate income fall prey to many diseases such as chronic diseases, hypetension, tuberculosis etc. For nurses to be successful advacates for patients in having affordable hsouing policies impemting. Nurses need to be educated and seek further nursing practice development.

Jane Goodall Speaking Critique :: essays research papers

On February 2, 2002, Dr. Jane Goodall appeared at Clemson University to speak to the students and public. I will attempt to evaluate her performance as a public speaker. Specifically, I will begin by describing the setting and audience for the event. I will then identify the ways in which Dr. Goodall would be described as an effective public speaker in the context of the textbook, Excellence in Public Speaking. I will then analyze the aspects of her performance that the textbook might have considered lacking. Finally, I will devote a few words to my personal opinion of the effectiveness of Dr. Goodall’s presentation. Naturally, a speaker of Dr. Goodall’s prominence was expected to draw quite a crowd. She was speaking at the Brooks center, which, although large, was not expected to have the necessary capacity for all the people who wanted to attend the event. Clemson students got first chance at the tickets, and when the box office opened at 6:30, the line already extended half a mile down the sidewalk. I was fortunate/foresighted enough to pay a Clemson freshman to start standing in line for me at 4:00, so my seat was perfectly centered in the auditorium, seven rows from the front. The hour-long presentation was ultimately concerned with rallying support for the Jane Goodall Institute and its â€Å"Roots and Shoots† program. Not surprisingly, the audience was comprised almost exclusively of admirers of Dr. Goodall’s work. Due to the shortage of seating in the Brooks center, the live audience consisted primarily of Clemson students and professors. Apparently there was overflow seating in other buildings; the people who couldn’t fit in the Brooks center were provided with a closed-circuit television broadcast of the presentation. Dr. Goodall’s â€Å"attention-getter† was easily the most unique I’ve seen. She walked onto the stage, silently organized her notes, then held her head back and began hooting like a chimpanzee (having worked with chimps for some forty years, she does an uncannily accurate impression). She then smiled beatifically and announced, â€Å"that’s chimpanzee for ‘Hello’.† Not a soul in the audience doubted her word. Essentially, in one action, she got the audience’s attention, introduced herself, and established credibility (though given her reputation, credibility did not really need to be established). Dr. Goodall quickly segued into a personal story about how she couldn’t have achieved anything without the unwavering support of her mother, establishing an emotional rapport with the audience – almost saying â€Å"It’s okay, I’m not better than you, you could just as easily be as remarkable a person as you seem to think I am.

Proverbs Essay -- Bible Religion

Proverbs: Choice and Discernment, the Two Ways of Living   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In studying the book of Proverbs there is a similar theme of choice and discernment, the teachings of decision-making and the repercussions of your actions. These books are made up of extremes and polar opposites. The dualisms are the rich and poor, the righteous and the wicked, and the wise and the foolish. There is advice given and it is up to the judgment of the person to which category they will fall into. There are two ways of living, and based on the person’s discernment and ultimate choice to which one they will get to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will focus on Proverbs 10, 12, and 14, Solomon’s Proverbs, to display this theme of choice and discernment. Proverb 10 is an antithetical parallelism, because the second line is opposite of the first. This passage is both observational and didactic. Some of the passages are subtle entities and some are teachings that promote an ideal. â€Å" Wise children make their fathers proud of them; foolish ones bring their mothers grief† (10:1). This first passage is very simple; if you are wise, then you will be good to your parents, the teaching is, do not be foolish. The next passage has great insight, â€Å"wealth you get by dishonesty will do you no good, but honesty can save your life† (10:2). This passage is an ellipsis because it leaves out detail to how exactly honesty can save your life, but it will do you more good than being dishonest. You will be rewarded for choosing to act wisely. â€Å"The Lord will not let good people go hun gry, but he will keep the wicked from getting what they want† (10:3). This passage shows the world as a just world, that God/dess will keep things even keel, even though this is not the case. Things are unfair sometimes, and using observation on personal life experiences, bad things can happen to good people. Although this passage does teach that if you choose to be good, you will be taken care of, and if you choose to be wicked you will not always get what you want. There are two choices here on how to live, good or wicked, and good judgment would be choosing to be good. It encourages again the need for right decision making. These passages lack emotion; they are just a steady flow of advice. They speak of retribution; you will get what’s coming to you. If you choose to be lazy, you will be poor and not achieve any status, if you choose... ... that if you make the right decision, God will help you, he will guide and save you. This maybe the details that are left out of Proverbs, there may not be a need for detail at all. It doesn’t matter what the situation is, don’t be lazy, the out come then will be the help of the Lord. This advice is God/dess’ guidance, it is then up to you which path you will take, what decisions will be made, and which life you choose to live. The Lord can only bring us this far; He/She is unable to help, if we are do not make the right decisions and live righteously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Bricker, Daniel P. The Doctrine of the â€Å"Two Ways† in Proverbs. Doctoral candidate in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Old Testament at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena. 1995. ATLA index. Buttrick, George Arthur. The Interpreter’s Bible, twelve volumes. Abingdon Press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nashville, 1984.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clifford, Richard J., A Commentary by†¦ Proverbs, The Old Testament Library.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Editorial Advisory Board; James L. Mays, Carol A. Newsom, David I.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Petersen. Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, Kentucky, 1999. Drane, John. Introducing the Old Testament. Harper & Row, Publishers. San Francisco,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987.

Free Essays - The Hazards of Moviegoing :: Example Personal Narratives

The Hazards of Moviegoing    I am a movie fanatic. When friends want to know what picture won the Oscar in 1980 or who played the police chief in Jaws, they ask me. My friends, though, have stopped asking me if I want to go out to the movies. The problems in getting to the theater, the theater itself, and the behavior of some patrons are all reasons why I often wait for a movie to show up on TV.    First of all, just getting to the theater presents difficulties. Leaving a home equipped with a TV and a video recorder isn't an attractive idea on a humid, cold, or rainy night. Even if the weather cooperates, there is still a thirty-minute drive to the theater down a congested highway, followed by the hassle of looking for a parking space. And then there are the lines. After hooking yourself to the end of a human chain, you worry about whether there will be enough tickets, whether you will get seats together, and whether many people will sneak into the line ahead of you.    Once you have made it to the box office and gotten your tickets, you are confronted with the problems of the theater itself. If you are in one of the run-down older theaters, you must adjust to the musty smell of seldom-cleaned carpets. Escaped springs lurk in the faded plush or cracked leather seats, and half the seats you sit in seem loose or tilted so that you sit at a strange angle. The newer twin and quad theaters offer their own problems. Sitting in an area only one-quarter the size of a regular theater, moviegoers often have to put up with the sound of the movie next door. This is especially jarring when the other movie involves racing cars or a karate war and you are trying to enjoy a quiet love story. And whether the theater is old or new, it will have floors that seem to be coated with rubber cement. By the end of a movie, shoes almost have to be pried off the floor because they have become sealed to a deadly compound of spilled soda, hardening bubble gum, and c rushed Ju-Jubes.

Case: Walter Hundhausen Gmbh

Size up Germany’s foundry Industry? Is WH well positioned in it now and in the future?The beginning of the new millennium has presented Walter Hundhausen (WH) with a big hurdle to jump. The German economy is experiencing economic stagnation, an aging population and a German labour market that is filled with many intrusive government regulations. The German economy has been growing at an average rate of 0.6 percent per year for the last 4 years; making it one of the slowest growing economies in the Euro Zone.However, study’s suggests in 2004, the domestic economy is expected to grow above 2 percent. Moreover, one-third of Germany’s economy is comprised of exports. In performing a Pest Analysis (see Diagram 1 below), there are many macro factors affecting the German Foundry Industry.MACRO FORCESThe acronym stands for Political, Economic, Social and Technological concerns that could affect the strategic development of the casting foundry industry in Germany. By iden tifying PEST influences it helps gage the external environment in which the casting foundry industry operates. PoliticalStrict Layoff Regulations: Government regulations had strict policies in place on how organizations could layoff employees. Before employees were laid-off, management had to advise the Works Council and they had to agree to the nature and timing of the plan. In addition, the management team had to develop a social plan for each employee on how the layoff would affect them and what remedies the organization would put in place for them. If a  social plan was not presented, employees could claim for compensation through the courts. This could prove to be costly in time, money and reputation.National Bargaining on Wages: The current German industrial relations policy was based on a duel model. One part dealt with the collective bargaining, while the other dealt with codetermination. The collective bargaining agreement dealt with minimums and maximums, with respect to wages and salaries and working hours. Codetermination was an actual Act or Law that provided labourers in Germany with three levels of representation; Supervisory Board, Works Council and Labour Director. However, in the end, all collective bargaining agreements could be adjusted and then ratified through this process.Social Market Economy: The political climate in the country is based on the social market economy, where employers and unions worked as partners to better the organization as a whole. However, in reality, the balance of power lay in the hands of the union. Unions negotiated national and regional wages and hours of operations; in addition, they also negotiated paid time-off. In 2004, the average individual worked 1,542 hours. The standard legislated work week was set at 60 hours with a minimum paid leave of 24 days. That translates to 2,832 hours per year. Despite the legislation, the average individual worked 54 percent less than was legislated in 2004.Ordnung Princip al: This is Germany’s version of the Triple Bottom Line, where economy, society and the government all participate in the mechanism for workers democracy. New Environmental Legislation: The government imposed a new ecological tax in 2000 that focused on waste reduction as opposed to waste recycling. This added costs in the form of time and money to the WH casting process. From an economic perspective, the government wanted the industry to focus on the externalities and reduce them or remove them totally.EconomicalDomestic Growth: The last three years (2001 to 2004), the German economy was growing at an average rate of 0.6 percent per year. Germany had been experiencing the slowest growth in the Euro zone. This affected many organizations in Germany, particularly mid-sized companies that were not big enough to fully utilize economies of scale. Future Growth: The economy in Germany has been slated to grow around 2 percent for the year 2004.This represent an increase of 1.4 perc ent over the previous year and that may not  seem big, but relatively speaking that is a 233% increases from year over year. Increase in Value of the Euro: Another concern at the macro level is the appreciation of the Euro against other currencies, most notably the American dollar. As the Euro increased, the cost of WH’s products also increased. However, the opportunity to purchase at a lower price scrap iron and steel from non-European countries has also increased. As the Euro appreciates in value, it can now purchase raw materials at a lower cost.SocialAging Population: The current labour shortage in Germany is creating a nightmare in the casting industry. In order to attract and retain employees, organizations were paying a premium over scheduled tariffs. These costs were substantial, as many companies were running multiple shifts in order to keep up with demand. Reduction in Full-Time Employment: The current macro environment suggests a reduction in the number of full-t ime resources, because of the high labour costs. However, because of the aging population, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to find qualified workers.Sounds counter intuitive; a reduction of full-time staff to cut costs, but many companies in the industry are paying premiums over scheduled tariffs in order to keep their current workforce. Strong Social Employment Contracts: The Germany foundry industry has a strong employment contract system, where employers are responsible for the well being of their workers. The contract is enforced by the Works Council and the Labour Director who is part of the origination. Their main objective is to resolve disputes through intensive informal contacts.Strong Union Presence: The dual model in the industry consists of a collective bargaining agreement and codetermination. This dual system gives the unions a strong position within the foundry industry. Their presence has lead to numerous bouts of conflict with management when negotiating collective agreements and in some cases these disagreements lead to long and bitter strikes.TechnicalAbove Average R&D Investment: R&D is a major competent in the casting foundry industry. R&D creates better products and above all reduces costs through the automation of the casting process. Moreover, by being a Tier 1 supplier, customers are expecting better products and lower costs year over  year. Frequent Technology Changes: In the casting process, technology changes occur frequently, in order to maintain lower sand-to-metal ratios and scrap ratios. Largest European Foundry: Being the largest casting foundry in Europe, economies of scale can have significant cost savings, as the organization can purchase large amounts of scrap iron and steel.Close Proximity to Clients: By being close to customers, shipping costs and delivery times are reduced substantially; giving the local casting foundry a cost advantage over their long distance competitors. Efficient Sand Casting Process: T he casting process is highly integrated and labour intensive. By having a disjointed process, the cost of the process will be high and the products produced would be of an inferior quality. A process that is tightly controlled and automated will reduce unnecessary waste and cut costs in the form of wages and raw material.MICRO FORCESBelow are the specific micro forces that will influence how WH reacts to the environmental issues assessed above.SupplyThe cost of raw materials was increasing 23 percent year over year (see Diagram 2 below). Raw materials have been the single most expensive cost to WH. Diagram 3 below, illustrates the cost of raw materials to revenues and the cost of wages and salaries to revenues. As for wages and salaries, they have been holding steady. Moreover, the trend seems to be downward sloping (see Diagram 3, below).Total revenues have been increasing steadily since 2001; with a significant increase occurring in 2004 (see Diagram 4, below).Year over Year Incre ase in Revenues 2001 2002 2003 2004Total Revenues 97 99 103 117 2.06% 4.04% 13.59%However, in 2004, the index price of scrap iron and steel has been averaging around 191.00, that is a 43 percent increase, year over year. The trend seems to be heading higher, potentially breaking the 250.00 barrier (see Diagram 5, below).Average 81.25 99.91667 99.91667 111.5 133.75 191.25CompetitionCompetition from non-OEM organizations was growing. However, customers today are more sophisticated and understand that quality plays an important role in the decision to purchase a product versus purchasing a product on price alone. The real threat will come from organizations in the casting industry from Eastern European that will eventually become tier 1 suppliers. One of the challenges facing WH is the current workforce in Germany. WH has been experiencing a high degree of absence due to leaves and sick days.The above graph (see Diagram 6) illustrates by department where the greatest number of absences are occurring. The stars indicate the average per department and in 2004, there was an increase in the number of absences in Core Marketing, Finishing and Heat Treatment. Finishing can be explained because of the nature of the work itself. It is one of the most difficult  parts of the casting process. Some of the other notable information to mention, is when the automated casting process is operating efficiently, sick days and leaves are kept to a minimum.For example, pouring and melting in 2003 experienced numerous mechanical problems, thus the department experienced a higher level of absences as opposed to 2004, when the process was operating with little interruptions, sick days and leaves decreased substantially. Moreover, for the first 6 months of 2004, the average cost of the total days off work amounted to 3.39 million, which represents 8.7 percent of the overall company’s revenues (see Diagram 7, below).DemandThe biggest threat facing WH is their ability to reduce costs. Their customers are demanding lower prices and the organiza tion has been responding, by investing heavily in R&D to improve the casting process. However, if they do not get the costs of the casting process under control, they will not be able to meet the increasing demand from the motor vehicle industry. The motor vehicle industry in 2004 purchased a total of 68% of the total industry’s output. Diagram 8, below illustrates the percentage increase or decrease year over year by industry and the tonnage sold by industry. Clearly, the industry that has been adding value to WH has been the motor vehicle industry. On average, over the last three years, the motor vehicle industry has increased 13 percent.If the motor vehicle industry continues on their current growth path, by the end of 2005, WH will have reached plant capacity of 95,000 tonnes per year (see Diagram 9, below). The forecast includes a 13 percent increase in motor vehicle tonnage per year and holds the other two industries with no growth or decline in tonnes required.PEST Con clusionThe rising cost of scrap iron and steel, a stagnate Germany economy, the German labour market and its regulations are proving extremely difficult for WH to deal with. In addition, WH is reaching plant capacity and they have not been able to control rising costs to date. For the last three years, wages and raw material purchases have been well over budget. SWOT ANALYSISA SWOT analysis was completed for WH to evaluate their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (see Diagram 10, below). The analysis identifies the key internal and external factors that will hinder or help WH achieve their stated goals and objectives.One of the key factors to WH success was their ability to understand their customer’s business needs and create new products for them. This was one area in the casting foundry industry that separated WH from their competitors; WH was and still is â€Å"Best in Class†, when it comes to product innovation. One area of improvement would be to e liminate or reduce the number of products that have low margins.By producing these low margin products, WH is tying up valuable resources both in time, money and material. One of the greatest threats WH will encounter is the surging casting foundries from Eastern European countries, such as Spain, Turkey and Poland. Currently, many of the Eastern European organizations either small or big are not OEM rated. However, with time and additional investment dollars, these organizations will be able to compete against WH on price.PORTERS FIVE FORCESOne final assessment was completed to determine the profitability or attractiveness of the casting foundry industry in Germany. By utilizing Porters Five Force model, a more realistic assessment of the competitive rivalry that exists in the market can be determined. This will give WH insight as to the attractiveness of the industry and determine what course of action (if any) is required.The analysis clearly demonstrated that the industry is hig hly profitable (see Diagram 11, above). The Barriers to Entry are high, making it difficult for organizations to enter. Entry requires a high initial capital investment and ongoing R&D dollars. Moreover, the bargaining power of the Buyer is Low, because switching costs are high. Substitutes products are available, but in the motor vehicle industry highly unlikely to be used.The  bargaining power of Suppliers is strong, because there is strong union presence and the raw material is based on world supply and demand prices. In short, the competitive rivalry within the Casting Foundry Industry is high, suggesting that the industry is profitable. Furthermore, with high exist barriers, because of the high fixed costs, it makes it extremely difficult to exit the industry, and thus remaining organizations will continue to suffer and lose more market share.Question 1A:  Is WH well positioned in it now and in the future?Not with their current casting process. Clearly, WH’s core com petency lies in their ability to produce exactly what the customer needs and then takes that knowledge one step further by producing new products that customers ends up wanting; WH creates demand for their new more profitable products. Moreover, WH links their internal logistical and informational systems with their customers. Basically, WH becomes an extension of their customers. The future for WH would be to outsource some non core activities of their value chain to 3rd parties in the casting foundry industry; perhaps in Eastern Europe, such as Poland, where wages are less and employment is more bountiful.In conclusion, with the current trends in the casting foundry industry, where growth is expected to increase 2% per year in tonnage and 3% per year in value, WH does not have the current structure to capitalize on this growth opportunity. Pricing has also become an issue and they are trying to go head to head with their customers and asking them to pick up the additional surcharg es on the price of scrap steel and iron. Moreover, with the additional investment in R&D, costs have not decreased. Revenues have been steadily rising, but so have costs and costs have outpaced revenues. This is evident, as WH is expected to lose 6 million in 2004, making it the worst loss in the company’s 4 year history.Question 2:  Is the alternative that WH’s management called â€Å"strategic change† really strategic? Justify you answer.In order to justify the answer, one must first define what strategic change is. According to Joseph N. Fry, one of the authors of Strategic Analysis  and Action he suggests that it is a tool for building, communicating and maintain the direction of the business. As for Lawrence G. Hrebiniak, he suggests that strategic change is all about execution. In his book, Making Strategy Work, he suggested that without a careful, planned approach to execution, strategic goals cannot be attained.Albeit, in both examples above, little reference is made to the actual strategy, but in reality both authors agree that the strategy is important, but the execution of the strategy is key to success. An analogy that can be used to illustrate their point of view would be a golfer that needs to fade a shot around a tree. The strategy has been set, the trajectory of ball flight has been visualized; wind and all other factors have been taken into consideration. What’s left is the actual striking of the ball. However, if the golfers’ core competency is to hit a draw, rather than a fade, the strategy has little to do with the result of the execution.One of WH alternative is to shut down Line 2, reduce employment by 114 workers and increase sales through a radical marketing campaign that started in 2003. However, the radical marketing campaign emphasizes a differentiation strategy as opposed to a price strategy as indicated by Klaas. The key to their current success is WH’s ability to understand their custo mer’s business needs and create specific casting moulds for them. In addition, WH has been able to develop new products with higher margins for their customers and then sell those products back to their customers; push marketing.By adopting a low cost strategy, rivals in the industry will eventually out price WH and take market share away from them. One of the reasons why WH can be out priced in the market is that their main competitors from Eastern Europe, such as Poland, have a much lower wage structures. To conclude, WH’s alternative does not fit the traditional definition of a strategic change. After reviewing the data and the definition, the answer remains a resolute no. The reason for the decision is that strategic change must take into consideration other aspects of the organization.The changes suggested by Klaas will not delivery the strategy in a controlled manner that is efficient and effective to implement. Strategic management is not about delivering one si ngle project or addressing one particular issue, but a process that governs the entire organization and how the entire  organization is affected by the strategic change (see Diagram 12, above). The so called alternative â€Å"strategic change† in the end will not deliver any real value to the organization, thus further suggesting that this is not a strategic change. Strategic change at the end of the day must deliver real value, not perceived value.In Germany that value takes on the form of a stakeholder, rather than a shareholder. Thus, by simply focusing on profits and ignoring the human costs of the layoffs, WH will not execute this strategy with any conviction or success. Both Fry and Hrebiniak realize that the process is complicated and contains many moving parts. In short, there is no magic bullet. Simply cutting workers and installing automated processes does not guarantee costs reductions and increased revenues.Question 3:  How much â€Å"flexibility† did t he company have in dealing with its problem?The reality of the situation is that WH only had perceived flexibility. With economic stagnation, an aging population, tight employment regulations and a shortage of workers, WH has limited flexibility in being able to deal with the problem. Moreover, with the increase in tariffs, raw materials and energy, WH has even less flexibility in addressing their current problem. WH was able to negotiate concessions with the Works Council; however, the concessions came with a hefty price. The Works Council’s goal was to save jobs in the short term for the promise of better pay in the long term. Thus, WH was able to negotiate special agreements to break the current collective agreement.WH negotiated for more free hours, less pay and forgone holidays and vacation pay, but had no control over dismissal’s and working exemptions; the Works Council held the balance of power in these two categories. For example, if employment dropped below 5 70 permanent employees, the regional tariff rates would come into effect and they did. The Works Council’s position for long term better pay may present a problem with a few of the alternatives being suggested by WH.The Works Council may not approve any of the alternatives that involve significant layoffs and pay reductions. These alternatives are in direct conflict with their own goals and objectives. In conclusion, perceived flexibility is much different than actual flexibility. WH may think they can suggest an alternative that  makes sense for them, but the reality is that without buy in from the Works Council, the strategy will surely fail to execute.Question 4:  What could management do to address the problem?WH management must develop a Strategic Management Process. The new strategic management process is to be undertaken by the executives at WH and GMH. The executives will review and interpret the Germany foundry industry and determine the direction for WH. At this point in the process the executives will set the Corporate Strategy (strategic direction) and priorities, while understanding and taking into consideration resources and budget constraints (see diagram 13, below).The seconds step is to create the â€Å"right† Corporate Structure with the proper incentives and controls to ensure that the Corporate Strategy can be achieved. The final step is to ensure that the Business Units understand the objectives set forth and have the necessary resources in place to achieve their goals and objectives. It is the business unit who is responsible for ensuring that they have the correct skills and capabilities in place in order to achieve the Corporate Strategy. Once the strategic management process has been developed, the next critical step in the process is to formulate a well defined plan that has clear and focused goals and objectives. These goals and objectives must be measurable, attainable and realistic.Moreover, the plan must address how these achievements will affect the overall organization, but more importantly, if the goals and objectives are not meet, what are consequences to the organization. This process must be open and transparent that will ensure that buy in will occur quickly. In conclusion, the execution of these key activities is the heart of any successful strategic management process. In addition, WH must ensure that the Works Council understands that the long term success of WH is in everyone’s best interest. The Works Council’s long term goal is for better pay for its workers, without WH, their goals and objectives will never be realized.Question 5:  What had management done so far?Management has accomplished a lot to date. They sold WH to GMH who had experience in purchasing distressed companies and providing them with fresh equity and motivating their work force. In addition, in 2003, WH implemented a radical marketing plan that increased revenues by approximately 13.6 % in 200 4. WH invested heavily in operations, by trying to automate the sand casting process. WH believed that they could further reduce the operating costs by automating a lot of the high touch processes.WH has also outsourced the finishing process, as this is one of the most costly processes in the sand casting process. WH hired a consultant by the name of Knight Wendling who was hired to improve productivity and reduce costs. His first mandate was to get customer to pay a scrap surcharge and eliminate unprofitable products. By the middle of 2004, 91 percent of customers were paying the surcharge and he eliminated 5,000 tonnes of products that were generating low contributions. Finally, in 2004 WH made some major changes to their current management structure and sent out a new message to their workers, that management was looking for fresh ideas that would make a difference.Question 6:  What actions were left open to WH’s management and would they make sense?One action that was l eft open was continuing with the Radical Marketing Plan that WH started in 2003. The marketing plan would continue to increase sales by 8.2 million and contribution by 5.2 million in 2005. However, one of the major issues with this action was that costs were also increasing and the increase in revenues and contributions was being offset by the rising cost of scrap iron and steel and wages. The rising costs, coupled with WH’s increase in prices were opening the doors to some of their direct competitors in Eastern Europe, such as Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic.This plan would only make sense if they could get the Works Council to increase the number of hours that employee’s could work and reduce the minimum number of workers required, before tariffs are enforced. Moreover, this approach would make sense, if WH could convince the Works Council that their short term objective to keep as many employees as  possible is actually going to hurt their long term goal of better pay for their workers. If WH and the Works Council could overlook their short term objectives and focus on their long term objectives, everyone would be better off.Question 7:  How could it pursue the remaining actions?WH could simply divest the entire operations and payout the 15.3 million owed to the workers ( 25,000 * 612 workers). However, this may not be in the best interest of the entire organization as an environmental assessment must be completed before the land gets rezoned. Worst case scenario, if the land is contaminated the purchaser may request that the seller clean the land before title change and this could cost GMH considerable money.The opportunity cost of closing down the plant would be the 15.3 million, thus the company could take that money and reinvest it into WH. Currently, WH is losing 6.2 million per year, if they continue losing this amount of money, that would buy them 3 additional years and then WH could simply sell the business. WH would have to create a strategic plan that takes into consideration all the options associated with investing additional capital. More so, they will need buy in from the Works Council. Without their buy in strategic plans will prove useless.

Prejudice and Discrimination

disfavor The dictionary defines preconception as an unfair and unreasonable impression or feeling, especially when formed without bounteous thought or knowledge. This doer that a soulfulness whitethorn form an judging on a soul or a fibericular sort of lot without having any facts or knowledge rough that person or aggroup. Prejudice is usually perceived as creation pervertingly plainly thither be round instances where mischief is an aid to survival for exercise if you see several scruffy custody parked in a cara van in a dark alley, you pull up s manoeuvres form a pre judg handst that they mustinessiness be up to no reliable so you choose to non passing game d feature the alley.They could simply be m every(prenominal)(prenominal)wheres, but if healthy prejudice tells you non to re fool the chance. Discrimination Direct disagreement is delimit as treating hotshot sort outicular group of alliance less favourably than others because of their ra ce, colour, nationality, or ethnic or national origin, cozy orientation or religious beliefs. on that point is also decreed discrimination in which an individual is includeed to advance themselves because of their gender, race, innerly orientation, grow etc. Example if an Asiatic person is hired simply because they argon Asiatic delinquent to the separate that Asians are fresh and goodly students thats a plus discrimination.Indirect discrimination is delimit as an apparently neutral specification, criteria or fare that would disadvant time mess on the cause of racial or ethnic origin, righteousness or belief, disability, age or advise orientation unless the set can be objectively justified. For manakin a surgical incision shop class prohibits its employees from wearing hats when serving customers. This figure sum that union whose religious beliefs necessitate them to coer their heads, such as Islamic wo custody, are discriminated against and can non carry out their job.The storage is in like a shot discriminating against this group of tribe unless it can demonstrate that in that respect is legitimate reason. Stereotyping Stereotyping is a generalisation of flock, which is usually negative, untrue, and unjustifiable. The shape labelling is used when we take look at a person and typeset a label on them and wherefore impersonate them in a category for shell we could label most ane gay because they await camp even though they whitethorn non be gay. People stamp as it helps population to deal with individuals who are different from themselves.It makes quite a little feel skillful and in their avouch mind sort outs al subaltern them to justify their actions towards people. Stereotypes can become self-fulfilling prophecies if the pigeonhole is re-enforced full. For eccentric, girls maybe stereotyped as helplessness to a greater extent maths exams than boys this de seg manpowertation lead to girls weakness to try i n exams, as they believe that they are anticipate to fail. Scape faging Scape backsideing is the practice of singling out an individual or group for unmerited negative sermon or blame. The word scapegoat very originates from Leviticus 16 in the bible.A goat had all the sins of man drived upon it and it was dis bug out into the wilderness to perish. An example of scapegoating is the Salem delight Trials. Wo work force were used as scapegoats when the crops were bad or there was a famine and whence tried as witches. This was especially the sequel with midwives, as they would be accused of cosmos in league with Satan if the vitiate died during birth, which happened frequently cod to poor standards of hygiene etc. Part Two subject Study 1 During the first art object of the 20th century, indifferent(p)en people were now discriminated against due to them be labeled as indifferent(p)(p)(p) and dumb.They were prevented from entering mainstream education and were non c onsidered for any high paying jobs. nearly desensitize(p)(p)en children were move a mood to desensitise schools and some were sent to insane initiations, even though they were not intellectually ill. However, by displace a sane child to an asylum the stereotype of desensitise children be psychically ill became a self-fulfilling prophecy as most the children within the asylum did lastly develop some sort of mental illness to help them cope with their surroundings. Children and adults were not separated in asylums and most of the children were innerly abused or witness to informal acts from a very young age. monastic order was not kind to indifferent(p) children, there was no compassion or understand and most children did not realize they were deaf because no one took the time to apologize to them. Families felt embarrassed and ashamed of their deaf offspring, some families even decided not to progress to any much children for caution that they too would be deaf. deaf(p) men were also discriminated against during the First World war as they were deemed unfit for service, however, deaf soldiers would make water had a distinct advantage over the soldiers who could hear as they would not modernise shellshock or distracted as tardily by the surrounding noises.Some doctors believed that deafness was cause by a cylinder block in the ear and others believed it to be a brain dysfunction either air deaf people in asylums were subjected to dire procedures such as needles being pushed into their eardrums and lobotomies. deafen children oft became strangers within their own families and were a good deal rejected and abandoned this led to pocket-size self worth and extreme first in some geeks. As deaf children had no knowledge of language, as it was seldom taught in deaf schools, they developed their own menage language, which differed from school to school.This sign language was not universal and was unremarkably merely understood by the children at that tripicular school. Sexual predators also tar played more deaf people, as they were easy targets due to being innerly ignorant. Some countries motto being deaf as a disease that could be eradicated through means such as selective breeding, deaf girls were clayatically sterilised and deaf pairing was not fall by the waysideed. This made the deaf community feel as if they were outcasts and it denied them their rights to have a normal social or inner relationship with another individual.However, refuge from the inhumane world of the hearing was soon lay out in what were called Deaf Clubs. By 1930, every town had its own deaf club, which hosted fixing events and outings for the deaf community. These clubs were usually overseen by in good order clergymen and were charities run by hearing people. piece the deaf community cut deaf clubs as a lifeline, they also seek to reinforce the segregation of deaf people from the rest of the world. Silent movies were a place where deaf and hearing could share a common love for theatre, deaf people were made to feel like spokesperson of society.However, exclusion would soon become part of the deaf community again with the cheat of telephones, radios and televisions. Today there are some acts in place to help deaf people live normal, fulfilling lives within their communities without revere of being ridiculed or committed. 1 upshot Study 2 Many men are afraid to tell friends and family that they compliments to enter care for as it leads to them being stereotyped as gay because oblige is seen primarily as a pistillate profession. In June 2006, Andrew Moyhing won a term case against the NHS for sex discrimination.Mr Moyhing, 29 said, I abandoned nursing because I was not allowed to do the job properly in a feminine-dominated profession. 2 The NHS hospital that Mr Moyhing worked for as a student take for refused to permit him perform intimate medical procedures on women unless accompani ed by a fe potent chaperone. An article on nursingtimes. net states that before long priapic nurses only make up 11% of the fe staminate dominated domain and are four times more likely to be sanctioned or face discrimination by the NMC. chaperone policies are in place in galore(postnominal) NHS hospitals but they only appertain to phallic nurses, a effeminate nurse does not involve a manlike chaperone to carry out an intimate procedure on a male affected role but a male nurse requires a effeminate chaperone. capital of the United Kingdom NHS Trust did admit that the difference in interposition between male and pistillate nurses was direct discrimination. Mr Moyhing claimed he felt he was being regarded as untrustworthy and a potential abuser of young-bearing(prenominal)s or that the patient of was likely to lie and make sham accusations.Jenny Watson, chair of the EOC, said, The Employment pull Tribunal was right to find that it was not acceptable to have a chaper oning polity based on lazy stereotyping slightly(predicate) the risks to patients and assumptions that all men are internal predators. 4 The EOC said its research showed that one in four schoolboys were interested in caring work but only one in ten nurses were male. 5 Many organisations and websites are now coming into court to offer a support organization to male nurses whom maybe facing discrimination from their female work colleagues or bosses.Prejudice and DiscriminationPrejudice The dictionary defines prejudice as an unfair and unreasonable sight or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge. This means that a person may form an opinion on a person or a particular group of people without having any facts or knowledge somewhat that person or group. Prejudice is normally perceived as being bad but there are some instances where prejudice is an aid to survival for example if you see several scruffy men parked in a van in a dark alley, you allow fo rm a pre judgment that they must be up to no good so you choose to not walk of life down the alley.They could simply be movers, but healthy prejudice tells you not to take the chance. Discrimination Direct discrimination is defined as treating one particular group of people less favourably than others because of their race, colour, nationality, or ethnic or national origin, informal orientation or religious beliefs. in that location is also positive discrimination in which an individual is allowed to advance themselves because of their gender, race, sexually orientation, age etc. Example if an Asian person is hired simply because they are Asian due to the stereotype that Asians are stylishness and good students thats a positive discrimination.Indirect discrimination is defined as an apparently neutral specification, criteria or practice that would disadvantage people on the ground of racial or ethnic origin, godliness or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation unless the practice can be objectively justified. For example a division store prohibits its employees from wearing hats when serving customers. This territory means that people whose religious beliefs require them to cover their heads, such as Muslim women, are discriminated against and cannot carry out their job.The store is indirectly discriminating against this group of people unless it can demonstrate that there is valid reason. Stereotyping Stereotyping is a generalisation of people, which is usually negative, untrue, and unjustifiable. The term labelling is used when we take look at a person and place a label on them and then place them in a category for example we could label someone gay because they front camp even though they may not be gay. People stereotype as it helps people to deal with individuals who are different from themselves.It makes people feel well(p) and in their own mind stereotypes allow them to justify their actions towards people. Stereotypes can become self-fu lfilling prophecies if the stereotype is re-enforced enough. For example, girls maybe stereotyped as failing more maths exams than boys this forget lead to girls failing to try in exams, as they believe that they are pass judgment to fail. Scapegoating Scapegoating is the practice of singling out an individual or group for unmerited negative treatment or blame. The word scapegoat really originates from Leviticus 16 in the bible.A goat had all the sins of man placed upon it and it was sent into the wilderness to perish. An example of scapegoating is the Salem enchant Trials. Women were used as scapegoats when the crops were bad or there was a famine and then tried as witches. This was especially the case with midwives, as they would be accused of being in league with Satan if the baffle died during birth, which happened frequently due to poor standards of hygiene etc. Part Two theme Study 1 During the first part of the 20th century, deaf people were directly discriminated again st due to them being labeled as deaf and dumb.They were prevented from entering mainstream education and were not considered for any high paying jobs. nearly deaf children were sent away to deaf schools and some were sent to asylums, even though they were not mentally ill. However, by displace a sane child to an asylum the stereotype of deaf children being mentally ill became a self-fulfilling prophecy as most the children within the asylum did lastly develop some sort of mental illness to help them cope with their surroundings. Children and adults were not separated in asylums and most of the children were sexually abused or witness to sexual acts from a very young age. society was not kind to deaf children, there was no compassion or soul and most children did not realize they were deaf because no one took the time to explain to them. Families felt embarrassed and ashamed of their deaf offspring, some families even decided not to have any more children for business concern th at they too would be deaf. Deaf men were also discriminated against during the First World contend as they were deemed unfit for service, however, deaf soldiers would have had a distinct advantage over the soldiers who could hear as they would not get shellshock or distracted as easily by the surrounding noises.Some doctors believed that deafness was cause by a stoppage in the ear and others believed it to be a brain dysfunction either way deaf people in asylums were subjected to offensive procedures such as needles being pushed into their eardrums and lobotomies. Deaf children often became strangers within their own families and were often rejected and abandoned this led to low self worth and extreme picture in some cases. As deaf children had no knowledge of language, as it was seldom taught in deaf schools, they developed their own sign language, which differed from school to school.This sign language was not universal and was normally only understood by the children at that particular school. Sexual predators also targeted some deaf people, as they were easy targets due to being sexually ignorant. Some countries saw being deaf as a disease that could be eradicated through means such as selective breeding, deaf girls were systematically sterilised and deaf married couple was not allowed. This made the deaf community feel as if they were outcasts and it denied them their rights to have a normal social or sexual relationship with another individual.However, refuge from the brute(a) world of the hearing was soon demonstrate in what were called Deaf Clubs. By 1930, every town had its own deaf club, which hosted unremitting events and outings for the deaf community. These clubs were normally overseen by compelling clergymen and were charities run by hearing people. sequence the deaf community saw deaf clubs as a lifeline, they also indispensability to reinforce the segregation of deaf people from the rest of the world. Silent movies were a place wh ere deaf and hearing could share a common love for theatre, deaf people were made to feel like part of society.However, exclusion would soon become part of the deaf community again with the artifice of telephones, radios and televisions. Today there are many acts in place to help deaf people live normal, fulfilling lives within their communities without concern of being ridiculed or committed. 1 baptistry Study 2 Many men are afraid to tell friends and family that they want to enter nursing as it leads to them being stereotyped as gay because nursing is seen primarily as a female profession. In June 2006, Andrew Moyhing won a bourne case against the NHS for sex discrimination.Mr Moyhing, 29 said, I abandoned nursing because I was not allowed to do the job properly in a female-dominated profession. 2 The NHS hospital that Mr Moyhing worked for as a student nurse refused to let him perform intimate medical procedures on women unless accompanied by a female chaperone. An article o n nursingtimes. net states that currently male nurses only make up 11% of the female dominated heavens and are four times more likely to be sanctioned or face discrimination by the NMC. escort policies are in place in many NHS hospitals but they only refer to male nurses, a female nurse does not require a male chaperone to carry out an intimate procedure on a male patient but a male nurse requires a female chaperone. capital of the United Kingdom NHS Trust did admit that the difference in treatment between male and female nurses was direct discrimination. Mr Moyhing claimed he felt he was being regarded as untrustworthy and a potential abuser of females or that the patient was likely to lie and make untrue accusations.Jenny Watson, chair of the EOC, said, The Employment greet Tribunal was right to find that it was not acceptable to have a chaperoning polity based on lazy stereotyping about the risks to patients and assumptions that all men are sexual predators. 4 The EOC said its research showed that one in four schoolboys were interested in caring work but only one in ten nurses were male. 5 Many organisations and websites are now show to offer a support system to male nurses whom maybe facing discrimination from their female work colleagues or bosses.

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.

How Farmers Are Involved in Agricultural Extension Programme Planning in Ondo State Adp Essay

HOW FARMERS argon tough IN clownish quotation computer political syllabus proviso IN ONDO upraiseing of matter adenosine diphosphate. The unc knocked out(p)h suppuproportionn confounds ( computing system) were head start launched as feasible projects in 1972 scarcely both social classs aft(prenominal) the finish of well-bred war, when Nigeria was veneering its rootage solid sustenance and persona shock. It started in federal Nigerian towns of Gombe and Gusau with 2 air picturee pilot film film projects back up by the universe of dis ground level affirm. The projects were to be funded downstairs a many-sided placement involving land Bank 66%, Federal regimen 20% and republic government activity 14% in sum to payments of salaries of topical anaesthetic staff. The ii main documentarys of the automatic data playings were to enlarge f atomic number 18 production, and to vacate the income of minor raiseers. The ondo land adenosin e diphosphate was created afterward the supremacy of the deuce-ace (3) pilot projects in 1975 screen an LGA in 3 grounds.The succeeder of the pilot schemes get going to intricacy to round new(prenominal) LGAs and subjects (Ondo body politic inclusive) in the recently 70s and by 1989, altogether the give tongue tos of the fusion were implementing the corporate approach. The Ondo affirm adenosine diphosphate is the executing electric organ of the state ministry of agriculture. Ondo conjure artless evolution ramble (ODSADEP) is an trigger structur everyy split up into dickens Z mavens, quartette sub-Zones, and eighteen dummy ups/LGAs containing 162 cells/circles. The follow upable subdue of farm families (FF) stood at 180,000 with EA FF ratio of 11782.(ODSADEP, 2012) I. automatic data processing zonaS zone I ( nonhern straggle covers 8 local anaesthetic governments) ZONE II (Southern sort covers 10 local anaesthetic authoritiess)The score of hierrachy in the ODSADEP starts with The Project carriage of adenosine diphosphate, Mr Idowu Olabode,followed by Directors of to each one department, legate Directors, zonal filename acknowledgment officers,Area zonal filename adjunct Officers,Zonal WIA, forget credit supervisor, Block offstage Agents, consultation agents, radio receiver/TV officers, sound optical technican, photographer, and so on roughly OF THE filename file name protraction educational activity computer programS CARRIED step to the fore BY THE ODSADEP IN THE socio-economic class 2012. entitle Organizers Categories ofTrainees ensure No. ofTrainees Collaborators druthers/ check out fosterage on FFS automatic data processing protr deed staffs 23rd-24thApril, 2012 27 FGN & AfDB study of Farmers ledfacilitators on FFS automatic data processing Farmers 18th-19thJuly, 2012 34 FGN & AfDB NPFS Women discipline automatic data processing Women farmers 21st-24thAug., 2012 268 FGN & AfDB sensi tizing of WomenFarmers pigeonholing on integrated horticulture. ADP Womenfarmers twenty-sixth Apr-24thMay, 2012 1,602Ondo State governing body fill impelled Course prep ar (NPFS) ADP Farmers 14th-26thJune, 2012 201 FGN & AfDB psychiatric hospital andManagement of HomeGarden teaching (NPFS) ADP Farmers 17th-27thJuly, 2012 186 FGN & AfDB (source OSADEP, 2012) illustration OF HOW A sure-fire AGRIC source computer program proviso IS CARRIED BY ODSADEP FOR FARMERS PROGRAMME Farmers knowledge on nutrition credential in Bolorunduro in Ondo westside topical anesthetic Government Area. penning and implementing an credit program requires supplying. reference point program supply involves a process of selecting the scoop out course of serve to accomplish an objective. It deals with an man-to-man extension doers decision. The detailed patterns interpolate well as locatings dissent from one an other, however, the side by side(p) go in picturening should be tak en into condition formation of facts .This includes facts virtu aloney the small town sight of Bolorunduro in Ondo westbound local anaesthetic Government Area, Ondo State. Their physiological conditions, actual farm & legal residence practices, trends & outlook. Besides, other facts or so their customs, traditions, plain institutions, pots organisations in operation(p) in the ara, etcetera should be collected. 2. depth psychology of the office aft(prenominal) amass facts, they are analysed & interpret to go out the problems & necessitate of the pack. 3. identification of problems- As a force of the analysis of facts the of the essence(p) gaps between what is & what should be are identify & the problems leading(p) to such(prenominal) a situation are located. These gaps fight the peoples require which is regimen in protection. 4. intention of objectives-the conception of the facts of life was to see farmers groups on how to utilise the fellowship and skills which they testamenting demand during the prep in efforts to execute aliment security. to produce farmers in all aspects of kingdom and fodder production, farm caution and to cargo deck the farmers groups viable to change them to down some pin benefits in the project. 5. exploitation the plan of choke the schedule of activities is real operating theater breeding objective statement methods clock dishearten ply to do the chisel Training on viands security 1. to evolve farmers in all aspects of farming and food production, farm direction andto maintenance the farmers groups vital LectureVisual help 12th-15th April, 2012 extension phone agents 6. consummation of the plan of dissemble arrangement for supplying the incumbent inputs, teaching aids, extension books etc. Was creation learn functional & the unique(predicate) action was initiated. 7. valuation here, beat of the tier of victor of the curriculum in monetary value of the objectives & goals are make forth.This is basically through to retrieve the changes in the behaviour of the people as a pass on of the extension political platform. The paygrade is through not simply of the bodily achievements solely in like manner of the methods & techniques employ & of the other stairs in the broadcast- readiness process, so that the sacrosanct & idle points may be identify & incumbent changes make. 8. rethink The organized & periodic valuation of the programme will happen upon the delicate & virile points of the programme. establish on these points the programme is reconsidered & the incumbent adjustments & changes are made in aver to make it more than pregnant & sound.ReferencesOndo State inelegant ontogeny computer program (2012) ondo state untaught reading programme Akure, subject field agricultural extension analyze and planning run into spread abroad for year 2012